Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography
Abstract Background The left atrium (LA) is an important prognostic parameter in cardiac pathologies of cats. Its size is currently measured in one-dimensional methods, while human medicine considers two- and three-dimensional echocardiography as standard. The objectives of this study were to compar...
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doaj-07e92fa2ebc84e8996206f96118b6acc2020-11-25T03:31:56ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482020-07-0116111410.1186/s12917-020-02473-6Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiographyJanina Rauch0Michael Fehr1Martin Beyerbach2Stephan O. Hungerbuehler3Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine HannoverSmall Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine HannoverDepartment of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine HannoverTiergesundheitszentrum Hungerbühler, Tierärztliche Klinik für Kleintiere SalzgitterAbstract Background The left atrium (LA) is an important prognostic parameter in cardiac pathologies of cats. Its size is currently measured in one-dimensional methods, while human medicine considers two- and three-dimensional echocardiography as standard. The objectives of this study were to compare monoplane, biplane, triplane and real-time three dimensional echocardiography for volumetric measurement of the left atrium in healthy cats and establish a reference interval for further studies on cats with heart disease. Additionally, the influence of age, sex and weight on left atrial volume (LAV) was tested. Results One dimensional monoplane Simpson method of discs (SMOD) in the right parasternal four chamber view (r4) and the left apical 2 chamber view (l2) as well as biplane SMOD had no significant difference for left atrial maximum volume (LAMax). They can be used as equivalent in future studies and one common reference range was set up (1.96 ± 0.54 ml). Those three methods produced significantly higher volumes than triplane echocardiography (RTTPE) and real time three dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) using TomTec® software. LA volumetry with RTTPE and RT3DE-TomTec™ was more feasible than expected, but low RT3DE image quality was the main reason for excluding patients. Neither age nor weight had an influence on LA volume in healthy cats. Male LAV results were only slightly, but in 2D and RTTPE significantly higher than those of female cats with a range of + 10.46% to + 19.58%. Conclusions Monoplane, biplane, triplane and real-time three dimensional echocardiography were feasible for LA volumetry in healthy cats and showed acceptable intra- and interobserver variability. One common LAMax reference range for monoplane r4, l2 and biplane SMOD was set up. Raw data can be used for LA volumes and does not need to be correlated with the cat’s weight or age. Male cats have only slightly but significantly larger atria than females in 2D and RTTPE. Therefore, under reservation, also sex related limit values were defined.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-020-02473-6CatLeft atriumVolumetryRT3DERTTPELA |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Janina Rauch Michael Fehr Martin Beyerbach Stephan O. Hungerbuehler |
spellingShingle |
Janina Rauch Michael Fehr Martin Beyerbach Stephan O. Hungerbuehler Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography BMC Veterinary Research Cat Left atrium Volumetry RT3DE RTTPE LA |
author_facet |
Janina Rauch Michael Fehr Martin Beyerbach Stephan O. Hungerbuehler |
author_sort |
Janina Rauch |
title |
Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography |
title_short |
Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography |
title_full |
Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography |
title_fullStr |
Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography |
title_sort |
comparative assessment of left atrial volume in healthy cats by two-dimensional and three-dimensional echocardiography |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Veterinary Research |
issn |
1746-6148 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Abstract Background The left atrium (LA) is an important prognostic parameter in cardiac pathologies of cats. Its size is currently measured in one-dimensional methods, while human medicine considers two- and three-dimensional echocardiography as standard. The objectives of this study were to compare monoplane, biplane, triplane and real-time three dimensional echocardiography for volumetric measurement of the left atrium in healthy cats and establish a reference interval for further studies on cats with heart disease. Additionally, the influence of age, sex and weight on left atrial volume (LAV) was tested. Results One dimensional monoplane Simpson method of discs (SMOD) in the right parasternal four chamber view (r4) and the left apical 2 chamber view (l2) as well as biplane SMOD had no significant difference for left atrial maximum volume (LAMax). They can be used as equivalent in future studies and one common reference range was set up (1.96 ± 0.54 ml). Those three methods produced significantly higher volumes than triplane echocardiography (RTTPE) and real time three dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) using TomTec® software. LA volumetry with RTTPE and RT3DE-TomTec™ was more feasible than expected, but low RT3DE image quality was the main reason for excluding patients. Neither age nor weight had an influence on LA volume in healthy cats. Male LAV results were only slightly, but in 2D and RTTPE significantly higher than those of female cats with a range of + 10.46% to + 19.58%. Conclusions Monoplane, biplane, triplane and real-time three dimensional echocardiography were feasible for LA volumetry in healthy cats and showed acceptable intra- and interobserver variability. One common LAMax reference range for monoplane r4, l2 and biplane SMOD was set up. Raw data can be used for LA volumes and does not need to be correlated with the cat’s weight or age. Male cats have only slightly but significantly larger atria than females in 2D and RTTPE. Therefore, under reservation, also sex related limit values were defined. |
topic |
Cat Left atrium Volumetry RT3DE RTTPE LA |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-020-02473-6 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT janinarauch comparativeassessmentofleftatrialvolumeinhealthycatsbytwodimensionalandthreedimensionalechocardiography AT michaelfehr comparativeassessmentofleftatrialvolumeinhealthycatsbytwodimensionalandthreedimensionalechocardiography AT martinbeyerbach comparativeassessmentofleftatrialvolumeinhealthycatsbytwodimensionalandthreedimensionalechocardiography AT stephanohungerbuehler comparativeassessmentofleftatrialvolumeinhealthycatsbytwodimensionalandthreedimensionalechocardiography |
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