Association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the Breast Cancer Surveilance Consortium
Abstract Background Mammographic breast density is a well-established strong risk factor for breast cancer. The environmental contributors to geographic variation in breast density in urban and rural areas are poorly understood. We examined the association between breast density and exposure to ambi...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2017-04-01
|
Series: | Breast Cancer Research |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13058-017-0828-3 |
id |
doaj-07ee01dc0961474ea74e87c893f2069b |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-07ee01dc0961474ea74e87c893f2069b2021-04-02T15:17:57ZengBMCBreast Cancer Research1465-542X2017-04-0119111010.1186/s13058-017-0828-3Association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the Breast Cancer Surveilance ConsortiumLusine Yaghjyan0Robert Arao1Cole Brokamp2Ellen S. O’Meara3Brian L. Sprague4Gabriela Ghita5Patrick Ryan6Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of FloridaGroup Health Research InstituteDepartment of Environmental Health, University of CincinnatiGroup Health Research InstituteDepartment of Surgery, University of VermontDepartment of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of FloridaDivision of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical CenterAbstract Background Mammographic breast density is a well-established strong risk factor for breast cancer. The environmental contributors to geographic variation in breast density in urban and rural areas are poorly understood. We examined the association between breast density and exposure to ambient air pollutants (particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3)) in a large population-based screening registry. Methods Participants included women undergoing mammography screening at imaging facilities within the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (2001–2009). We included women aged ≥40 years with known residential zip codes before the index mammogram (n = 279,967). Breast density was assessed using the American College of Radiology’s Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) four-category breast density classification. PM2.5 and O3 estimates for grids across the USA (2001–2008) were obtained from the US Environmental Protection Agency Hierarchical Bayesian Model (HBM). For the majority of women (94%), these estimates were available for the year preceding the mammogram date. Association between exposure to air pollutants and density was estimated using polytomous logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Women with extremely dense breasts had higher mean PM2.5 and lower O3 exposures than women with fatty breasts (8.97 vs. 8.66 ug/m3 and 33.70 vs. 35.82 parts per billion (ppb), respectively). In regression analysis, women with heterogeneously dense vs. scattered fibroglandular breasts were more likely to have higher exposure to PM2.5 (fourth vs. first quartile odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16 − 1.23). Women with extremely dense vs. scattered fibroglandular breasts were less likely to have higher levels of ozone exposure (fourth vs. first quartile OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.73–0.87). Conclusion Exposure to PM2.5 and O3 may in part explain geographical variation in mammographic density. Further studies are warranted to determine the causal nature of these associations.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13058-017-0828-3Breast densityAir pollutionParticulate matterGeographic disparities |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Lusine Yaghjyan Robert Arao Cole Brokamp Ellen S. O’Meara Brian L. Sprague Gabriela Ghita Patrick Ryan |
spellingShingle |
Lusine Yaghjyan Robert Arao Cole Brokamp Ellen S. O’Meara Brian L. Sprague Gabriela Ghita Patrick Ryan Association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the Breast Cancer Surveilance Consortium Breast Cancer Research Breast density Air pollution Particulate matter Geographic disparities |
author_facet |
Lusine Yaghjyan Robert Arao Cole Brokamp Ellen S. O’Meara Brian L. Sprague Gabriela Ghita Patrick Ryan |
author_sort |
Lusine Yaghjyan |
title |
Association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the Breast Cancer Surveilance Consortium |
title_short |
Association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the Breast Cancer Surveilance Consortium |
title_full |
Association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the Breast Cancer Surveilance Consortium |
title_fullStr |
Association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the Breast Cancer Surveilance Consortium |
title_full_unstemmed |
Association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the Breast Cancer Surveilance Consortium |
title_sort |
association between air pollution and mammographic breast density in the breast cancer surveilance consortium |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Breast Cancer Research |
issn |
1465-542X |
publishDate |
2017-04-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Mammographic breast density is a well-established strong risk factor for breast cancer. The environmental contributors to geographic variation in breast density in urban and rural areas are poorly understood. We examined the association between breast density and exposure to ambient air pollutants (particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3)) in a large population-based screening registry. Methods Participants included women undergoing mammography screening at imaging facilities within the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (2001–2009). We included women aged ≥40 years with known residential zip codes before the index mammogram (n = 279,967). Breast density was assessed using the American College of Radiology’s Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) four-category breast density classification. PM2.5 and O3 estimates for grids across the USA (2001–2008) were obtained from the US Environmental Protection Agency Hierarchical Bayesian Model (HBM). For the majority of women (94%), these estimates were available for the year preceding the mammogram date. Association between exposure to air pollutants and density was estimated using polytomous logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Women with extremely dense breasts had higher mean PM2.5 and lower O3 exposures than women with fatty breasts (8.97 vs. 8.66 ug/m3 and 33.70 vs. 35.82 parts per billion (ppb), respectively). In regression analysis, women with heterogeneously dense vs. scattered fibroglandular breasts were more likely to have higher exposure to PM2.5 (fourth vs. first quartile odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16 − 1.23). Women with extremely dense vs. scattered fibroglandular breasts were less likely to have higher levels of ozone exposure (fourth vs. first quartile OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.73–0.87). Conclusion Exposure to PM2.5 and O3 may in part explain geographical variation in mammographic density. Further studies are warranted to determine the causal nature of these associations. |
topic |
Breast density Air pollution Particulate matter Geographic disparities |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13058-017-0828-3 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT lusineyaghjyan associationbetweenairpollutionandmammographicbreastdensityinthebreastcancersurveilanceconsortium AT robertarao associationbetweenairpollutionandmammographicbreastdensityinthebreastcancersurveilanceconsortium AT colebrokamp associationbetweenairpollutionandmammographicbreastdensityinthebreastcancersurveilanceconsortium AT ellensomeara associationbetweenairpollutionandmammographicbreastdensityinthebreastcancersurveilanceconsortium AT brianlsprague associationbetweenairpollutionandmammographicbreastdensityinthebreastcancersurveilanceconsortium AT gabrielaghita associationbetweenairpollutionandmammographicbreastdensityinthebreastcancersurveilanceconsortium AT patrickryan associationbetweenairpollutionandmammographicbreastdensityinthebreastcancersurveilanceconsortium |
_version_ |
1721560303285567488 |