Ultrasound-Assisted Transglutaminase Catalysis of the Cross-Linking and Microstructure of α<sub>s</sub>-Casein, β-Casein and κ-Casein
The effects of ultrasonic treatment (UT)-assisted transglutaminase (TGase) catalysis on the physicochemical properties of individual α<sub>s</sub>-casein (α<sub>s</sub>-CN), β-casein (β-CN), and κ-casein (κ-CN) were investigated. After 60 min of incubation at 30 °C, α<sub&...
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doaj-08db5dc1336c4ad992874314d94cc0772021-09-26T01:07:21ZengMDPI AGProcesses2227-97172021-09-0191630163010.3390/pr9091630Ultrasound-Assisted Transglutaminase Catalysis of the Cross-Linking and Microstructure of α<sub>s</sub>-Casein, β-Casein and κ-CaseinChun-Chi Chen0Liang-Yu Chen1Wen-Tai Li2Ken-Lin Chang3Hsien-Wei Tseng4Bang-Yuan Chen5Chao-Jung Chen6Jung-Feng Hsieh7Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, ChinaDepartment of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanNational Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City 112, TaiwanInstitute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City 804, TaiwanCollege of Mathematics and Information Engineering, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, ChinaDepartment of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanPh.D. Program in Nutrition & Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanDepartment of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, TaiwanThe effects of ultrasonic treatment (UT)-assisted transglutaminase (TGase) catalysis on the physicochemical properties of individual α<sub>s</sub>-casein (α<sub>s</sub>-CN), β-casein (β-CN), and κ-casein (κ-CN) were investigated. After 60 min of incubation at 30 °C, α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN were cross-linked with TGase (6.0 units/mL), and high molecular weight polymers (>200 kDa) were formed. The use of TGase in conjunction with UT (20 kHz, power of 400 W, and amplitude 20%) led to an increase in the rate of α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN polymerization compared to the individual casein that contained TGase but did not undergo UT. SDS-PAGE scrutiny showed that the intensities of α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN incubation with regard to TGase and UT at 30 °C for 60 min noticeably decreased to 5.66 ± 0.39, 3.97 ± 0.43, and 26.07 ± 1.18%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Particle size analysis results indicated that the molecule size appropriation for the cross-linking of α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN ranged from 6000 to 10,000 nm after 60 min incubation with TGase and UT. Transmission electron microscopy investigation showed network structures of cross-linking α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN were formed from α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN, respectively. As our results show, the comprehensive utilization of TGase and UT will be a superior method for the polymerization of α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/9/1630α<sub>s</sub>-caseinβ-caseinκ-caseinultrasoundtransglutaminasepolymerization |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Chun-Chi Chen Liang-Yu Chen Wen-Tai Li Ken-Lin Chang Hsien-Wei Tseng Bang-Yuan Chen Chao-Jung Chen Jung-Feng Hsieh |
spellingShingle |
Chun-Chi Chen Liang-Yu Chen Wen-Tai Li Ken-Lin Chang Hsien-Wei Tseng Bang-Yuan Chen Chao-Jung Chen Jung-Feng Hsieh Ultrasound-Assisted Transglutaminase Catalysis of the Cross-Linking and Microstructure of α<sub>s</sub>-Casein, β-Casein and κ-Casein Processes α<sub>s</sub>-casein β-casein κ-casein ultrasound transglutaminase polymerization |
author_facet |
Chun-Chi Chen Liang-Yu Chen Wen-Tai Li Ken-Lin Chang Hsien-Wei Tseng Bang-Yuan Chen Chao-Jung Chen Jung-Feng Hsieh |
author_sort |
Chun-Chi Chen |
title |
Ultrasound-Assisted Transglutaminase Catalysis of the Cross-Linking and Microstructure of α<sub>s</sub>-Casein, β-Casein and κ-Casein |
title_short |
Ultrasound-Assisted Transglutaminase Catalysis of the Cross-Linking and Microstructure of α<sub>s</sub>-Casein, β-Casein and κ-Casein |
title_full |
Ultrasound-Assisted Transglutaminase Catalysis of the Cross-Linking and Microstructure of α<sub>s</sub>-Casein, β-Casein and κ-Casein |
title_fullStr |
Ultrasound-Assisted Transglutaminase Catalysis of the Cross-Linking and Microstructure of α<sub>s</sub>-Casein, β-Casein and κ-Casein |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ultrasound-Assisted Transglutaminase Catalysis of the Cross-Linking and Microstructure of α<sub>s</sub>-Casein, β-Casein and κ-Casein |
title_sort |
ultrasound-assisted transglutaminase catalysis of the cross-linking and microstructure of α<sub>s</sub>-casein, β-casein and κ-casein |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Processes |
issn |
2227-9717 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
The effects of ultrasonic treatment (UT)-assisted transglutaminase (TGase) catalysis on the physicochemical properties of individual α<sub>s</sub>-casein (α<sub>s</sub>-CN), β-casein (β-CN), and κ-casein (κ-CN) were investigated. After 60 min of incubation at 30 °C, α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN were cross-linked with TGase (6.0 units/mL), and high molecular weight polymers (>200 kDa) were formed. The use of TGase in conjunction with UT (20 kHz, power of 400 W, and amplitude 20%) led to an increase in the rate of α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN polymerization compared to the individual casein that contained TGase but did not undergo UT. SDS-PAGE scrutiny showed that the intensities of α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN incubation with regard to TGase and UT at 30 °C for 60 min noticeably decreased to 5.66 ± 0.39, 3.97 ± 0.43, and 26.07 ± 1.18%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Particle size analysis results indicated that the molecule size appropriation for the cross-linking of α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN ranged from 6000 to 10,000 nm after 60 min incubation with TGase and UT. Transmission electron microscopy investigation showed network structures of cross-linking α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN were formed from α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN, respectively. As our results show, the comprehensive utilization of TGase and UT will be a superior method for the polymerization of α<sub>s</sub>-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN. |
topic |
α<sub>s</sub>-casein β-casein κ-casein ultrasound transglutaminase polymerization |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/9/9/1630 |
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