The ghosts of propagation past: haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus)
Abstract Stocking of fish is an important tool for maintaining fisheries but can also significantly alter population genetic structure and erode the portfolio of within‐species diversity that is important for promoting resilience and adaptability. Walleye (Sander vitreus) are a highly valued sportfi...
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doaj-091039276c5748db92105986e57804062021-04-22T12:37:40ZengWileyEvolutionary Applications1752-45712021-04-011441124114410.1111/eva.13186The ghosts of propagation past: haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus)Matthew L. Bootsma0Loren Miller1Greg G. Sass2Peter T. Euclide3Wesley A. Larson4Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin‐Stevens Point Stevens Point WI USAMinnesota Department of Natural Resources University of Minnesota St. Paul MN USAOffice of Applied Science Wisconsin Department of Natural ResourcesEscanaba Lake Research Station Boulder Junction WI USAWisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin‐Stevens Point Stevens Point WI USAU.S. Geological Survey Wisconsin Cooperative Fishery Research Unit College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin‐Stevens Point Stevens Point WI USAAbstract Stocking of fish is an important tool for maintaining fisheries but can also significantly alter population genetic structure and erode the portfolio of within‐species diversity that is important for promoting resilience and adaptability. Walleye (Sander vitreus) are a highly valued sportfish in the midwestern United States, a region characterized by postglacial recolonization from multiple lineages and an extensive history of stocking. We leveraged genomic data and recently developed analytical approaches to explore the population structure of walleye from two midwestern states, Minnesota and Wisconsin. We genotyped 954 walleye from 23 populations at ~20,000 loci using genotyping by sequencing and tested for patterns of population structure with single‐SNP and microhaplotype data. Populations from Minnesota and Wisconsin were highly differentiated from each other, with additional substructure found in each state. Population structure did not consistently adhere to drainage boundaries, as cases of high intra‐drainage and low inter‐drainage differentiation were observed. Low genetic structure was observed between populations from the upper Wisconsin and upper Chippewa river watersheds, which are found as few as 50 km apart and were likely homogenized through historical stocking. Nevertheless, we were able to differentiate these populations using microhaplotype‐based co‐ancestry analysis, providing increased resolution over previous microsatellite studies and our other single SNP‐based analyses. Although our results illustrate that walleye population structure has been influenced by past stocking practices, native ancestry still exists in most populations and walleye populations may be able to purge non‐native alleles and haplotypes in the absence of stocking. Our study is one of the first to use genomic tools to investigate the influence of stocking on population structure in a nonsalmonid fish and outlines a workflow leveraging recently developed analytical methods to improve resolution of complex population structure that will be highly applicable in many species and systems.https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13186co‐ancestrymicrohaplotypepopulation structureRAD sequencingstockingwalleye |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Matthew L. Bootsma Loren Miller Greg G. Sass Peter T. Euclide Wesley A. Larson |
spellingShingle |
Matthew L. Bootsma Loren Miller Greg G. Sass Peter T. Euclide Wesley A. Larson The ghosts of propagation past: haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus) Evolutionary Applications co‐ancestry microhaplotype population structure RAD sequencing stocking walleye |
author_facet |
Matthew L. Bootsma Loren Miller Greg G. Sass Peter T. Euclide Wesley A. Larson |
author_sort |
Matthew L. Bootsma |
title |
The ghosts of propagation past: haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus) |
title_short |
The ghosts of propagation past: haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus) |
title_full |
The ghosts of propagation past: haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus) |
title_fullStr |
The ghosts of propagation past: haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus) |
title_full_unstemmed |
The ghosts of propagation past: haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (Sander vitreus) |
title_sort |
ghosts of propagation past: haplotype information clarifies the relative influence of stocking history and phylogeographic processes on contemporary population structure of walleye (sander vitreus) |
publisher |
Wiley |
series |
Evolutionary Applications |
issn |
1752-4571 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
Abstract Stocking of fish is an important tool for maintaining fisheries but can also significantly alter population genetic structure and erode the portfolio of within‐species diversity that is important for promoting resilience and adaptability. Walleye (Sander vitreus) are a highly valued sportfish in the midwestern United States, a region characterized by postglacial recolonization from multiple lineages and an extensive history of stocking. We leveraged genomic data and recently developed analytical approaches to explore the population structure of walleye from two midwestern states, Minnesota and Wisconsin. We genotyped 954 walleye from 23 populations at ~20,000 loci using genotyping by sequencing and tested for patterns of population structure with single‐SNP and microhaplotype data. Populations from Minnesota and Wisconsin were highly differentiated from each other, with additional substructure found in each state. Population structure did not consistently adhere to drainage boundaries, as cases of high intra‐drainage and low inter‐drainage differentiation were observed. Low genetic structure was observed between populations from the upper Wisconsin and upper Chippewa river watersheds, which are found as few as 50 km apart and were likely homogenized through historical stocking. Nevertheless, we were able to differentiate these populations using microhaplotype‐based co‐ancestry analysis, providing increased resolution over previous microsatellite studies and our other single SNP‐based analyses. Although our results illustrate that walleye population structure has been influenced by past stocking practices, native ancestry still exists in most populations and walleye populations may be able to purge non‐native alleles and haplotypes in the absence of stocking. Our study is one of the first to use genomic tools to investigate the influence of stocking on population structure in a nonsalmonid fish and outlines a workflow leveraging recently developed analytical methods to improve resolution of complex population structure that will be highly applicable in many species and systems. |
topic |
co‐ancestry microhaplotype population structure RAD sequencing stocking walleye |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13186 |
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