A Review of Theoretical Studies on Indirect Reciprocity
Despite the accumulation of research on indirect reciprocity over the past 30 years and the publication of over 100,000 related papers, there are still many issues to be addressed. Here, we look back on the research that has been done on indirect reciprocity and identify the issues that have been re...
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doaj-09296034e21740a18afafb9b1acfbf6c2020-11-25T03:45:21ZengMDPI AGGames2073-43362020-07-0111272710.3390/g11030027A Review of Theoretical Studies on Indirect ReciprocityIsamu Okada0Faculty of Business Administration, Soka University, Hachioji City, Tokyo 192-8577, JapanDespite the accumulation of research on indirect reciprocity over the past 30 years and the publication of over 100,000 related papers, there are still many issues to be addressed. Here, we look back on the research that has been done on indirect reciprocity and identify the issues that have been resolved and the ones that remain to be resolved. This manuscript introduces indirect reciprocity in the context of the evolution of cooperation, basic models of social dilemma situations, the path taken in the elaboration of mathematical analysis using evolutionary game theory, the discovery of image scoring norms, and the breakthroughs brought about by the analysis of the evolutionary instability of the norms. Moreover, it presents key results obtained by refining the assessment function, resolving the punishment dilemma, and presenting a complete solution to the social dilemma problem. Finally, it discusses the application of indirect reciprocity in various disciplines.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/11/3/27indirect reciprocitysocial dilemmaevolution of cooperationevolutionary game |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Isamu Okada |
spellingShingle |
Isamu Okada A Review of Theoretical Studies on Indirect Reciprocity Games indirect reciprocity social dilemma evolution of cooperation evolutionary game |
author_facet |
Isamu Okada |
author_sort |
Isamu Okada |
title |
A Review of Theoretical Studies on Indirect Reciprocity |
title_short |
A Review of Theoretical Studies on Indirect Reciprocity |
title_full |
A Review of Theoretical Studies on Indirect Reciprocity |
title_fullStr |
A Review of Theoretical Studies on Indirect Reciprocity |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Review of Theoretical Studies on Indirect Reciprocity |
title_sort |
review of theoretical studies on indirect reciprocity |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Games |
issn |
2073-4336 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Despite the accumulation of research on indirect reciprocity over the past 30 years and the publication of over 100,000 related papers, there are still many issues to be addressed. Here, we look back on the research that has been done on indirect reciprocity and identify the issues that have been resolved and the ones that remain to be resolved. This manuscript introduces indirect reciprocity in the context of the evolution of cooperation, basic models of social dilemma situations, the path taken in the elaboration of mathematical analysis using evolutionary game theory, the discovery of image scoring norms, and the breakthroughs brought about by the analysis of the evolutionary instability of the norms. Moreover, it presents key results obtained by refining the assessment function, resolving the punishment dilemma, and presenting a complete solution to the social dilemma problem. Finally, it discusses the application of indirect reciprocity in various disciplines. |
topic |
indirect reciprocity social dilemma evolution of cooperation evolutionary game |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/11/3/27 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT isamuokada areviewoftheoreticalstudiesonindirectreciprocity AT isamuokada reviewoftheoreticalstudiesonindirectreciprocity |
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