Sex and Electrode Configuration in Transcranial Electrical Stimulation
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) can be an effective non-invasive neuromodulation procedure. Unfortunately, the considerable variation in reported treatment outcomes, both within and between studies, has made the procedure unreliable for many applications. To determine if individual differe...
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doaj-0991371425c14646bd69889f7154204c2020-11-25T00:01:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402017-08-01810.3389/fpsyt.2017.00147271602Sex and Electrode Configuration in Transcranial Electrical StimulationMichael J. Russell0Theodore A. Goodman1Joseph M. Visse2Laurel Beckett3Naomi Saito4Bruce G. Lyeth5Gregg H. Recanzone6Gregg H. Recanzone7Aaken Laboratories, Davis, CA, United StatesSutter Center for Psychiatry, Sacramento, CA, United StatesAaken Laboratories, Davis, CA, United StatesDivision of Biostatistics, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesDivision of Biostatistics, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesCenter for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesDepartment of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesTranscranial electrical stimulation (tES) can be an effective non-invasive neuromodulation procedure. Unfortunately, the considerable variation in reported treatment outcomes, both within and between studies, has made the procedure unreliable for many applications. To determine if individual differences in cranium morphology and tissue conductivity can account for some of this variation, the electrical density at two cortical locations (temporal and frontal) directly under scalp electrodes was modeled using a validated MRI modeling procedure in 23 subjects (12 males and 11 females). Three different electrode configurations (non-cephalic, bi-cranial, and ring) commonly used in tES were modeled at three current intensities (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mA). The aims were to assess the effects of configuration and current intensity on relative current received at a cortical brain target directly under the stimulating electrode and to characterize individual variation. The different electrode configurations resulted in up to a ninefold difference in mean current densities delivered to the brains. The ring configuration delivered the least current and the non-cephalic the most. Female subjects showed much less current to the brain than male subjects. Individual differences in the current received and differences in electrode configurations may account for significant variability in current delivered and, thus, potentially a significant portion of reported variation in clinical outcomes at two commonly targeted regions of the brain.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00147/fulltranscranial electrical stimulationhigh density stimulationdirect current stimulationalternating current stimulationMRI modelingelectrical targeting |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Michael J. Russell Theodore A. Goodman Joseph M. Visse Laurel Beckett Naomi Saito Bruce G. Lyeth Gregg H. Recanzone Gregg H. Recanzone |
spellingShingle |
Michael J. Russell Theodore A. Goodman Joseph M. Visse Laurel Beckett Naomi Saito Bruce G. Lyeth Gregg H. Recanzone Gregg H. Recanzone Sex and Electrode Configuration in Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Frontiers in Psychiatry transcranial electrical stimulation high density stimulation direct current stimulation alternating current stimulation MRI modeling electrical targeting |
author_facet |
Michael J. Russell Theodore A. Goodman Joseph M. Visse Laurel Beckett Naomi Saito Bruce G. Lyeth Gregg H. Recanzone Gregg H. Recanzone |
author_sort |
Michael J. Russell |
title |
Sex and Electrode Configuration in Transcranial Electrical Stimulation |
title_short |
Sex and Electrode Configuration in Transcranial Electrical Stimulation |
title_full |
Sex and Electrode Configuration in Transcranial Electrical Stimulation |
title_fullStr |
Sex and Electrode Configuration in Transcranial Electrical Stimulation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sex and Electrode Configuration in Transcranial Electrical Stimulation |
title_sort |
sex and electrode configuration in transcranial electrical stimulation |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Psychiatry |
issn |
1664-0640 |
publishDate |
2017-08-01 |
description |
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) can be an effective non-invasive neuromodulation procedure. Unfortunately, the considerable variation in reported treatment outcomes, both within and between studies, has made the procedure unreliable for many applications. To determine if individual differences in cranium morphology and tissue conductivity can account for some of this variation, the electrical density at two cortical locations (temporal and frontal) directly under scalp electrodes was modeled using a validated MRI modeling procedure in 23 subjects (12 males and 11 females). Three different electrode configurations (non-cephalic, bi-cranial, and ring) commonly used in tES were modeled at three current intensities (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mA). The aims were to assess the effects of configuration and current intensity on relative current received at a cortical brain target directly under the stimulating electrode and to characterize individual variation. The different electrode configurations resulted in up to a ninefold difference in mean current densities delivered to the brains. The ring configuration delivered the least current and the non-cephalic the most. Female subjects showed much less current to the brain than male subjects. Individual differences in the current received and differences in electrode configurations may account for significant variability in current delivered and, thus, potentially a significant portion of reported variation in clinical outcomes at two commonly targeted regions of the brain. |
topic |
transcranial electrical stimulation high density stimulation direct current stimulation alternating current stimulation MRI modeling electrical targeting |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00147/full |
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