Black ginseng activates Akt signaling, thereby enhancing myoblast differentiation and myotube growth
Background: Black ginseng (BG) has greatly enhanced pharmacological activities relative to white or red ginseng. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of BG on muscle growth has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated whether BG could regulate myoblast differentiation and myotube...
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doaj-09ba397dbebc4943b0f160c70992b65f2020-11-24T23:30:20ZengElsevierJournal of Ginseng Research1226-84532018-01-0142111612110.1016/j.jgr.2017.08.009Black ginseng activates Akt signaling, thereby enhancing myoblast differentiation and myotube growthSoo-Yeon Lee0Ga-Yeon Go1Tuan Anh Vuong2Jee Won Kim3Sullim Lee4Ayoung Jo5Jun Min An6Su-Nam Kim7Dong-Wan Seo8Jin-Seok Kim9Yong Kee Kim10Jong-Sun Kang11Sang-Jin Lee12Gyu-Un Bae13Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaResearch Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of KoreaResearch Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaNatural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of KoreaResearch Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaGinseng by Pharm Co., Ltd., Wonju, Republic of KoreaNatural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of KoreaResearch Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaResearch Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of KoreaResearch Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaResearch Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaBackground: Black ginseng (BG) has greatly enhanced pharmacological activities relative to white or red ginseng. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of BG on muscle growth has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated whether BG could regulate myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy. Methods: BG-treated C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated, followed by immunoblotting for myogenic regulators, immunostaining for a muscle marker, myosin heavy chain or immunoprecipitation analysis for myogenic transcription factors. Results: BG treatment of C2C12 cells resulted in the activation of Akt, thereby enhancing heterodimerization of MyoD and E proteins, which in turn promoted muscle-specific gene expression and myoblast differentiation. BG-treated myoblasts formed larger multinucleated myotubes with increased diameter and thickness, accompanied by enhanced Akt/mTOR/p70S6K activation. Furthermore, the BG treatment of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells restored myogenic differentiation. Conclusion: BG enhances myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy by activating Akt/mTOR/p70S6k axis. Thus, our study demonstrates that BG has promising potential to treat or prevent muscle loss related to aging or other pathological conditions, such as diabetes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S122684531730235XAkt signalingblack ginsengmyoblast differentiationmyogenic conversionmyotube hypertrophy |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Soo-Yeon Lee Ga-Yeon Go Tuan Anh Vuong Jee Won Kim Sullim Lee Ayoung Jo Jun Min An Su-Nam Kim Dong-Wan Seo Jin-Seok Kim Yong Kee Kim Jong-Sun Kang Sang-Jin Lee Gyu-Un Bae |
spellingShingle |
Soo-Yeon Lee Ga-Yeon Go Tuan Anh Vuong Jee Won Kim Sullim Lee Ayoung Jo Jun Min An Su-Nam Kim Dong-Wan Seo Jin-Seok Kim Yong Kee Kim Jong-Sun Kang Sang-Jin Lee Gyu-Un Bae Black ginseng activates Akt signaling, thereby enhancing myoblast differentiation and myotube growth Journal of Ginseng Research Akt signaling black ginseng myoblast differentiation myogenic conversion myotube hypertrophy |
author_facet |
Soo-Yeon Lee Ga-Yeon Go Tuan Anh Vuong Jee Won Kim Sullim Lee Ayoung Jo Jun Min An Su-Nam Kim Dong-Wan Seo Jin-Seok Kim Yong Kee Kim Jong-Sun Kang Sang-Jin Lee Gyu-Un Bae |
author_sort |
Soo-Yeon Lee |
title |
Black ginseng activates Akt signaling, thereby enhancing myoblast differentiation and myotube growth |
title_short |
Black ginseng activates Akt signaling, thereby enhancing myoblast differentiation and myotube growth |
title_full |
Black ginseng activates Akt signaling, thereby enhancing myoblast differentiation and myotube growth |
title_fullStr |
Black ginseng activates Akt signaling, thereby enhancing myoblast differentiation and myotube growth |
title_full_unstemmed |
Black ginseng activates Akt signaling, thereby enhancing myoblast differentiation and myotube growth |
title_sort |
black ginseng activates akt signaling, thereby enhancing myoblast differentiation and myotube growth |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Journal of Ginseng Research |
issn |
1226-8453 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Background: Black ginseng (BG) has greatly enhanced pharmacological activities relative to white or red ginseng. However, the effect and molecular mechanism of BG on muscle growth has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated whether BG could regulate myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy.
Methods: BG-treated C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated, followed by immunoblotting for myogenic regulators, immunostaining for a muscle marker, myosin heavy chain or immunoprecipitation analysis for myogenic transcription factors.
Results: BG treatment of C2C12 cells resulted in the activation of Akt, thereby enhancing heterodimerization of MyoD and E proteins, which in turn promoted muscle-specific gene expression and myoblast differentiation. BG-treated myoblasts formed larger multinucleated myotubes with increased diameter and thickness, accompanied by enhanced Akt/mTOR/p70S6K activation. Furthermore, the BG treatment of human rhabdomyosarcoma cells restored myogenic differentiation.
Conclusion: BG enhances myoblast differentiation and myotube hypertrophy by activating Akt/mTOR/p70S6k axis. Thus, our study demonstrates that BG has promising potential to treat or prevent muscle loss related to aging or other pathological conditions, such as diabetes. |
topic |
Akt signaling black ginseng myoblast differentiation myogenic conversion myotube hypertrophy |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S122684531730235X |
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