Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Schizophrenia—P50, Mismatch Negativity, and TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG
Impaired early auditory processing is a well characterized finding in schizophrenia that is theorized to contribute to clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment, and social dysfunction in patients. Two neurophysiological measures of early auditory processing, P50 gating (“P50”) and mismatch negativity...
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doaj-09fef0fcdbc945fb99da0b93fb936d892020-11-25T03:26:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402020-08-011110.3389/fpsyt.2020.00795554765Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Schizophrenia—P50, Mismatch Negativity, and TMS-EMG and TMS-EEGHelena K. Kim0Daniel M. Blumberger1Daniel M. Blumberger2Zafiris J. Daskalakis3Zafiris J. Daskalakis4Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaTemerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaTemerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaImpaired early auditory processing is a well characterized finding in schizophrenia that is theorized to contribute to clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment, and social dysfunction in patients. Two neurophysiological measures of early auditory processing, P50 gating (“P50”) and mismatch negativity (MMN), which measure sensory gating and detection of change in auditory stimuli, respectively, are consistently shown to be impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may also be a potential method by which sensory processing can be assessed, since TMS paradigms can be used to measure GABAB-mediated cortical inhibition that is linked with sensory gating. In this review, we examine the potential of P50, MMN and two TMS paradigms, cortical silent period (CSP) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), as endophenotypes as well as their ability to be used as predictive markers for interventions targeted at cognitive and psychosocial functioning. Studies consistently support a link between MMN, P50, and cognitive dysfunction, with robust evidence for a link between MMN and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia as well. Importantly, studies have demonstrated that MMN can be used to predict performance in social and cognitive training tasks. A growing body of studies also supports the potential of MMN to be used as an endophenotype, and future studies are needed to determine if MMN can be used as an endophenotype specifically in schizophrenia. P50, however, has weaker evidence supporting its use as an endophenotype. While CSP and LICI are not as extensively investigated, growing evidence is supporting their potential to be used as an endophenotype in schizophrenia. Future studies that assess the ability of P50, MMN, and TMS neurophysiological measures to predict performance in cognitive and social training programs may identify markers that inform clinical decisions in the treatment of neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00795/fullP50mismatch negativityschizophreniabiomarkerearly sensory processing |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Helena K. Kim Daniel M. Blumberger Daniel M. Blumberger Zafiris J. Daskalakis Zafiris J. Daskalakis |
spellingShingle |
Helena K. Kim Daniel M. Blumberger Daniel M. Blumberger Zafiris J. Daskalakis Zafiris J. Daskalakis Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Schizophrenia—P50, Mismatch Negativity, and TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG Frontiers in Psychiatry P50 mismatch negativity schizophrenia biomarker early sensory processing |
author_facet |
Helena K. Kim Daniel M. Blumberger Daniel M. Blumberger Zafiris J. Daskalakis Zafiris J. Daskalakis |
author_sort |
Helena K. Kim |
title |
Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Schizophrenia—P50, Mismatch Negativity, and TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG |
title_short |
Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Schizophrenia—P50, Mismatch Negativity, and TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG |
title_full |
Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Schizophrenia—P50, Mismatch Negativity, and TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG |
title_fullStr |
Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Schizophrenia—P50, Mismatch Negativity, and TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG |
title_full_unstemmed |
Neurophysiological Biomarkers in Schizophrenia—P50, Mismatch Negativity, and TMS-EMG and TMS-EEG |
title_sort |
neurophysiological biomarkers in schizophrenia—p50, mismatch negativity, and tms-emg and tms-eeg |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Psychiatry |
issn |
1664-0640 |
publishDate |
2020-08-01 |
description |
Impaired early auditory processing is a well characterized finding in schizophrenia that is theorized to contribute to clinical symptoms, cognitive impairment, and social dysfunction in patients. Two neurophysiological measures of early auditory processing, P50 gating (“P50”) and mismatch negativity (MMN), which measure sensory gating and detection of change in auditory stimuli, respectively, are consistently shown to be impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may also be a potential method by which sensory processing can be assessed, since TMS paradigms can be used to measure GABAB-mediated cortical inhibition that is linked with sensory gating. In this review, we examine the potential of P50, MMN and two TMS paradigms, cortical silent period (CSP) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), as endophenotypes as well as their ability to be used as predictive markers for interventions targeted at cognitive and psychosocial functioning. Studies consistently support a link between MMN, P50, and cognitive dysfunction, with robust evidence for a link between MMN and psychosocial functioning in schizophrenia as well. Importantly, studies have demonstrated that MMN can be used to predict performance in social and cognitive training tasks. A growing body of studies also supports the potential of MMN to be used as an endophenotype, and future studies are needed to determine if MMN can be used as an endophenotype specifically in schizophrenia. P50, however, has weaker evidence supporting its use as an endophenotype. While CSP and LICI are not as extensively investigated, growing evidence is supporting their potential to be used as an endophenotype in schizophrenia. Future studies that assess the ability of P50, MMN, and TMS neurophysiological measures to predict performance in cognitive and social training programs may identify markers that inform clinical decisions in the treatment of neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia. |
topic |
P50 mismatch negativity schizophrenia biomarker early sensory processing |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00795/full |
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