Reduced virulence of a pseudorabies virus isolate from wild boar origin in domestic pigs correlates with hampered visceral spread and age-dependent reduced neuroinvasive capacity
Morbidity and mortality associated with pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection are dependent on the age of the pig and the virulence of the strain. PRV strains circulating in wild boar are considered to be low virulent, but no mechanistic explanation for their reduced virulence is available. Here infect...
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doaj-0a5eb1d0345e4fc69212b74c3ef850052020-11-24T23:05:59ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirulence2150-55942150-56082018-12-019114916210.1080/21505594.2017.13689411368941Reduced virulence of a pseudorabies virus isolate from wild boar origin in domestic pigs correlates with hampered visceral spread and age-dependent reduced neuroinvasive capacitySara Verpoest0Valerie Redant1Ann Brigitte Cay2Herman Favoreel3Nick De Regge4Operational Direction Viral Diseases, CODA-CERVAOperational Direction Viral Diseases, CODA-CERVAOperational Direction Viral Diseases, CODA-CERVAFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent UniversityOperational Direction Viral Diseases, CODA-CERVAMorbidity and mortality associated with pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection are dependent on the age of the pig and the virulence of the strain. PRV strains circulating in wild boar are considered to be low virulent, but no mechanistic explanation for their reduced virulence is available. Here infection of 2- and 15-week-old domestic pigs with the PRV wild boar strain BEL24043 did not induce clinical symptoms in 15-week-old pigs, but resulted in important neurological and respiratory disease in 2-week-old piglets. A detailed study of the (neuro) pathogenesis and associated cytokine mRNA expression showed that the reduced virulence of the wild boar strain, compared to what was previously reported for the virulent domestic NIA3 strain, is due to a severely hampered spread to visceral organs in pigs of both age categories and to an efficient suppression of viral replication at primary replication sites of 15-week-old pigs and to a lesser extent in those of 2-week-old piglets. The age-dependent difference in induced symptoms seems to be due to an immature development state of the immune and/or nervous system in 2-week-old pigs. An extensive viral replication associated with a robust expression of cytokine-related mRNA was found in the olfactory bulb of 2-week-old piglets, correlating with observed neurological disease. Neuroinvasion also occurred via the trigeminal route in 2-week-old pigs, but viral replication was efficiently suppressed in the trigeminal ganglion in the presence of a moderate induction of cytokine-related mRNA. Viral replication in the peripheral and central nervous system of 15-week-old pigs was limited and efficiently suppressed.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2017.1368941neuroinvasionolfactory bulbpathogenesispseudorabies virusvirulencewild boar |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sara Verpoest Valerie Redant Ann Brigitte Cay Herman Favoreel Nick De Regge |
spellingShingle |
Sara Verpoest Valerie Redant Ann Brigitte Cay Herman Favoreel Nick De Regge Reduced virulence of a pseudorabies virus isolate from wild boar origin in domestic pigs correlates with hampered visceral spread and age-dependent reduced neuroinvasive capacity Virulence neuroinvasion olfactory bulb pathogenesis pseudorabies virus virulence wild boar |
author_facet |
Sara Verpoest Valerie Redant Ann Brigitte Cay Herman Favoreel Nick De Regge |
author_sort |
Sara Verpoest |
title |
Reduced virulence of a pseudorabies virus isolate from wild boar origin in domestic pigs correlates with hampered visceral spread and age-dependent reduced neuroinvasive capacity |
title_short |
Reduced virulence of a pseudorabies virus isolate from wild boar origin in domestic pigs correlates with hampered visceral spread and age-dependent reduced neuroinvasive capacity |
title_full |
Reduced virulence of a pseudorabies virus isolate from wild boar origin in domestic pigs correlates with hampered visceral spread and age-dependent reduced neuroinvasive capacity |
title_fullStr |
Reduced virulence of a pseudorabies virus isolate from wild boar origin in domestic pigs correlates with hampered visceral spread and age-dependent reduced neuroinvasive capacity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reduced virulence of a pseudorabies virus isolate from wild boar origin in domestic pigs correlates with hampered visceral spread and age-dependent reduced neuroinvasive capacity |
title_sort |
reduced virulence of a pseudorabies virus isolate from wild boar origin in domestic pigs correlates with hampered visceral spread and age-dependent reduced neuroinvasive capacity |
publisher |
Taylor & Francis Group |
series |
Virulence |
issn |
2150-5594 2150-5608 |
publishDate |
2018-12-01 |
description |
Morbidity and mortality associated with pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection are dependent on the age of the pig and the virulence of the strain. PRV strains circulating in wild boar are considered to be low virulent, but no mechanistic explanation for their reduced virulence is available. Here infection of 2- and 15-week-old domestic pigs with the PRV wild boar strain BEL24043 did not induce clinical symptoms in 15-week-old pigs, but resulted in important neurological and respiratory disease in 2-week-old piglets. A detailed study of the (neuro) pathogenesis and associated cytokine mRNA expression showed that the reduced virulence of the wild boar strain, compared to what was previously reported for the virulent domestic NIA3 strain, is due to a severely hampered spread to visceral organs in pigs of both age categories and to an efficient suppression of viral replication at primary replication sites of 15-week-old pigs and to a lesser extent in those of 2-week-old piglets. The age-dependent difference in induced symptoms seems to be due to an immature development state of the immune and/or nervous system in 2-week-old pigs. An extensive viral replication associated with a robust expression of cytokine-related mRNA was found in the olfactory bulb of 2-week-old piglets, correlating with observed neurological disease. Neuroinvasion also occurred via the trigeminal route in 2-week-old pigs, but viral replication was efficiently suppressed in the trigeminal ganglion in the presence of a moderate induction of cytokine-related mRNA. Viral replication in the peripheral and central nervous system of 15-week-old pigs was limited and efficiently suppressed. |
topic |
neuroinvasion olfactory bulb pathogenesis pseudorabies virus virulence wild boar |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2017.1368941 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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