Overcoming Chemoresistance via Extracellular Vesicle Inhibition

With the ever-growing number of cancer deaths worldwide, researchers have been working hard to identify the key reasons behind the failure of cancer therapies so the efficacy of those therapies may be improved. Based on extensive research activities and observations done by researchers, chemoresista...

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Main Authors: Raeesah Hayatudin, Zhijack Fong, Long Chiau Ming, Bey-Hing Goh, Wai-Leng Lee, Nurolaini Kifli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.629874/full
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spelling doaj-0ad06bbf1bad498fad24388da091670a2021-03-24T05:09:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences2296-889X2021-03-01810.3389/fmolb.2021.629874629874Overcoming Chemoresistance via Extracellular Vesicle InhibitionRaeesah Hayatudin0Zhijack Fong1Long Chiau Ming2Bey-Hing Goh3Bey-Hing Goh4Wai-Leng Lee5Nurolaini Kifli6School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, MalaysiaSchool of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, MalaysiaPAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BruneiCollege of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaBiofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, MalaysiaSchool of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, MalaysiaPAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BruneiWith the ever-growing number of cancer deaths worldwide, researchers have been working hard to identify the key reasons behind the failure of cancer therapies so the efficacy of those therapies may be improved. Based on extensive research activities and observations done by researchers, chemoresistance has been identified as a major contributor to the drastic number of deaths among cancer patients. Several factors have been linked to formation of chemoresistance, such as chemotherapy drug efflux, immunosuppression, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Lately, increasing evidence has shed light on the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the regulation of chemoresistance. However, there is limited research into the possibility that inhibiting EV release or uptake in cancer cells may curb chemoresistance, allowing chemotherapy drugs to target cancer cells without restriction. Prominent inhibitors of EV uptake and release in cancer cells have been compiled and contrasted in this review. This is in the hope of sparking greater interest in the field of EV-mediated chemoresistance, as well as to provide an overview of the field for fundamental and clinical research communities, particularly in the field of cancer resistance research. In-depth studies of EV-mediated chemoresistance and EV inhibitors in cancer cells would spur significant improvement in cancer treatments which are currently available.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.629874/fullchemoresistanceextracellular vesiclecancerexosomescell death
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Raeesah Hayatudin
Zhijack Fong
Long Chiau Ming
Bey-Hing Goh
Bey-Hing Goh
Wai-Leng Lee
Nurolaini Kifli
spellingShingle Raeesah Hayatudin
Zhijack Fong
Long Chiau Ming
Bey-Hing Goh
Bey-Hing Goh
Wai-Leng Lee
Nurolaini Kifli
Overcoming Chemoresistance via Extracellular Vesicle Inhibition
Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
chemoresistance
extracellular vesicle
cancer
exosomes
cell death
author_facet Raeesah Hayatudin
Zhijack Fong
Long Chiau Ming
Bey-Hing Goh
Bey-Hing Goh
Wai-Leng Lee
Nurolaini Kifli
author_sort Raeesah Hayatudin
title Overcoming Chemoresistance via Extracellular Vesicle Inhibition
title_short Overcoming Chemoresistance via Extracellular Vesicle Inhibition
title_full Overcoming Chemoresistance via Extracellular Vesicle Inhibition
title_fullStr Overcoming Chemoresistance via Extracellular Vesicle Inhibition
title_full_unstemmed Overcoming Chemoresistance via Extracellular Vesicle Inhibition
title_sort overcoming chemoresistance via extracellular vesicle inhibition
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
issn 2296-889X
publishDate 2021-03-01
description With the ever-growing number of cancer deaths worldwide, researchers have been working hard to identify the key reasons behind the failure of cancer therapies so the efficacy of those therapies may be improved. Based on extensive research activities and observations done by researchers, chemoresistance has been identified as a major contributor to the drastic number of deaths among cancer patients. Several factors have been linked to formation of chemoresistance, such as chemotherapy drug efflux, immunosuppression, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Lately, increasing evidence has shed light on the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the regulation of chemoresistance. However, there is limited research into the possibility that inhibiting EV release or uptake in cancer cells may curb chemoresistance, allowing chemotherapy drugs to target cancer cells without restriction. Prominent inhibitors of EV uptake and release in cancer cells have been compiled and contrasted in this review. This is in the hope of sparking greater interest in the field of EV-mediated chemoresistance, as well as to provide an overview of the field for fundamental and clinical research communities, particularly in the field of cancer resistance research. In-depth studies of EV-mediated chemoresistance and EV inhibitors in cancer cells would spur significant improvement in cancer treatments which are currently available.
topic chemoresistance
extracellular vesicle
cancer
exosomes
cell death
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmolb.2021.629874/full
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