Evaluating Nitrogen Oxides and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emission Features of Urban Bus Based on Real-World Driving Conditions in the Yangtze River Delta Area, China
A Portable Emission Measurement System was used in this study to evaluate the exhaust emission characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx), ultrafine particulate matter (PM), and ultrafine particulate number (PN) from buses in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Results showed that NOx emission factor (uni...
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doaj-0b555e856fbe43e987907f00084edc0c2020-11-24T20:48:12ZengMDPI AGSustainability2071-10502018-06-01106205110.3390/su10062051su10062051Evaluating Nitrogen Oxides and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emission Features of Urban Bus Based on Real-World Driving Conditions in the Yangtze River Delta Area, ChinaDengguo Liu0Diming Lou1Juan Liu2Liang Fang3Weiming Huang4School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaSchool of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaShanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, ChinaSchool of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaShanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, ChinaA Portable Emission Measurement System was used in this study to evaluate the exhaust emission characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx), ultrafine particulate matter (PM), and ultrafine particulate number (PN) from buses in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Results showed that NOx emission factor (unit: g·km−1) increased from 5.0 to 19.1, and PM emission factor (unit: g·km−1) increased from 0.001 to 0.189. A nonlinear model was established based on scientific statistical method, which showed that NOx and PM emission factors significantly decreased with speed increasing. The model also showed a “long tail effect” of NOx and PM emission factors beyond 30 km·h−1. Furthermore, hybrid bus exhausted less NOx, PM, and PN emissions compared to conventional bus in the acceleration condition. Exhaust rates of NOx, PM and PN emissions (unit: g·s−1) increased with speed increasing under steady state driving condition, while PN emissions commonly showed a unimodal distribution at the speed of 20 km·h−1.http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/6/2051ultrafine particulate matterNOxPEMSemission factorreal-world drivingYangtze River Delta |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Dengguo Liu Diming Lou Juan Liu Liang Fang Weiming Huang |
spellingShingle |
Dengguo Liu Diming Lou Juan Liu Liang Fang Weiming Huang Evaluating Nitrogen Oxides and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emission Features of Urban Bus Based on Real-World Driving Conditions in the Yangtze River Delta Area, China Sustainability ultrafine particulate matter NOx PEMS emission factor real-world driving Yangtze River Delta |
author_facet |
Dengguo Liu Diming Lou Juan Liu Liang Fang Weiming Huang |
author_sort |
Dengguo Liu |
title |
Evaluating Nitrogen Oxides and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emission Features of Urban Bus Based on Real-World Driving Conditions in the Yangtze River Delta Area, China |
title_short |
Evaluating Nitrogen Oxides and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emission Features of Urban Bus Based on Real-World Driving Conditions in the Yangtze River Delta Area, China |
title_full |
Evaluating Nitrogen Oxides and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emission Features of Urban Bus Based on Real-World Driving Conditions in the Yangtze River Delta Area, China |
title_fullStr |
Evaluating Nitrogen Oxides and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emission Features of Urban Bus Based on Real-World Driving Conditions in the Yangtze River Delta Area, China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluating Nitrogen Oxides and Ultrafine Particulate Matter Emission Features of Urban Bus Based on Real-World Driving Conditions in the Yangtze River Delta Area, China |
title_sort |
evaluating nitrogen oxides and ultrafine particulate matter emission features of urban bus based on real-world driving conditions in the yangtze river delta area, china |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sustainability |
issn |
2071-1050 |
publishDate |
2018-06-01 |
description |
A Portable Emission Measurement System was used in this study to evaluate the exhaust emission characteristics of nitrogen oxides (NOx), ultrafine particulate matter (PM), and ultrafine particulate number (PN) from buses in the Yangtze River Delta, China. Results showed that NOx emission factor (unit: g·km−1) increased from 5.0 to 19.1, and PM emission factor (unit: g·km−1) increased from 0.001 to 0.189. A nonlinear model was established based on scientific statistical method, which showed that NOx and PM emission factors significantly decreased with speed increasing. The model also showed a “long tail effect” of NOx and PM emission factors beyond 30 km·h−1. Furthermore, hybrid bus exhausted less NOx, PM, and PN emissions compared to conventional bus in the acceleration condition. Exhaust rates of NOx, PM and PN emissions (unit: g·s−1) increased with speed increasing under steady state driving condition, while PN emissions commonly showed a unimodal distribution at the speed of 20 km·h−1. |
topic |
ultrafine particulate matter NOx PEMS emission factor real-world driving Yangtze River Delta |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/6/2051 |
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