National and sub-national estimation of benzene emission trend into atmosphere in Iran from 1990 to 2013
Introduction: Exposure to benzene has been associated with a range of acute and long-term adverse health effects. We aimed to estimate national and provincial level of benzene emissions from 1990 to 2013 in Iran. Materials and methods: Benzene emission was estimated through two main sources: unburn...
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doaj-0b8015ba6b6747ca9c2194382306d07e2020-11-25T04:11:21ZengTehran University of Medical SciencesJournal of Air Pollution and Health2476-30712019-12-014410.18502/japh.v4i4.2198National and sub-national estimation of benzene emission trend into atmosphere in Iran from 1990 to 2013Mansour Shamsipour0Mina Aghaei1Safa Kalteh2Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand3Kimiya Gohari4Farzad Yunesian5Heresh Amini6Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCenter for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranEnvironmental Engineer, Data Management Unit in Trial Contract Research Organization, Tehran, IranSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland AND University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland Introduction: Exposure to benzene has been associated with a range of acute and long-term adverse health effects. We aimed to estimate national and provincial level of benzene emissions from 1990 to 2013 in Iran. Materials and methods: Benzene emission was estimated through two main sources: unburned benzene content of fuel and evaporated benzene. Unburned benzene content of fuel estimated by gasoline consumption rate, kilometers traveled by non-diesel-based cars, and benzene emission factor. Evaporated benzene estimated by evaporated gasoline and volumetric percentile of benzene. Results: The estimated provincial annual mean benzene estimation range was between 5.9 (ton) and 1590 (ton) from 1990 to 2013. Our results showed that maximum benzene emission over the past 24 years occurred in Tehran, Mean (SD) ((1147.23(308.57) (ton)), Isfahan ((423.45(132) (ton)), Khorasan Razavi) (410.48(122.23) (ton)) provinces, respectively. There was an upward trend in the benzene emission into atmosphere at national and subnational level from 1990 to 2007. Also a significant decrease trend is observed from 2008 to 2013. Conclusion: The findings of this study will provide an insight into the extent of emitted benzene in the atmosphere at different regions of Iran for policy makers and scientists and may be a groundwork for field studies on benzene concentration estimation. https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/220Benzene emission;Iran;Gasoline;BenzeneTolueneEthylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Mansour Shamsipour Mina Aghaei Safa Kalteh Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand Kimiya Gohari Farzad Yunesian Heresh Amini |
spellingShingle |
Mansour Shamsipour Mina Aghaei Safa Kalteh Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand Kimiya Gohari Farzad Yunesian Heresh Amini National and sub-national estimation of benzene emission trend into atmosphere in Iran from 1990 to 2013 Journal of Air Pollution and Health Benzene emission; Iran; Gasoline; Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) |
author_facet |
Mansour Shamsipour Mina Aghaei Safa Kalteh Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand Kimiya Gohari Farzad Yunesian Heresh Amini |
author_sort |
Mansour Shamsipour |
title |
National and sub-national estimation of benzene emission trend into atmosphere in Iran from 1990 to 2013 |
title_short |
National and sub-national estimation of benzene emission trend into atmosphere in Iran from 1990 to 2013 |
title_full |
National and sub-national estimation of benzene emission trend into atmosphere in Iran from 1990 to 2013 |
title_fullStr |
National and sub-national estimation of benzene emission trend into atmosphere in Iran from 1990 to 2013 |
title_full_unstemmed |
National and sub-national estimation of benzene emission trend into atmosphere in Iran from 1990 to 2013 |
title_sort |
national and sub-national estimation of benzene emission trend into atmosphere in iran from 1990 to 2013 |
publisher |
Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
series |
Journal of Air Pollution and Health |
issn |
2476-3071 |
publishDate |
2019-12-01 |
description |
Introduction: Exposure to benzene has been associated with a range of acute and long-term adverse health effects. We aimed to estimate national and provincial level of benzene emissions from 1990 to 2013 in Iran.
Materials and methods: Benzene emission was estimated through two main sources: unburned benzene content of fuel and evaporated benzene. Unburned benzene content of fuel estimated by gasoline consumption rate, kilometers traveled by non-diesel-based cars, and benzene emission factor. Evaporated benzene estimated by evaporated gasoline and volumetric percentile of benzene.
Results: The estimated provincial annual mean benzene estimation range was between 5.9 (ton) and 1590 (ton) from 1990 to 2013. Our results showed that maximum benzene emission over the past 24 years occurred in Tehran, Mean (SD) ((1147.23(308.57) (ton)), Isfahan ((423.45(132) (ton)), Khorasan Razavi) (410.48(122.23) (ton)) provinces, respectively. There was an upward trend in the benzene emission into atmosphere at national and subnational level from 1990 to 2007. Also a significant decrease trend is observed from 2008 to 2013.
Conclusion: The findings of this study will provide an insight into the extent of emitted benzene in the atmosphere at different regions of Iran for policy makers and scientists and may be a groundwork for field studies on benzene concentration estimation.
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topic |
Benzene emission; Iran; Gasoline; Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) |
url |
https://japh.tums.ac.ir/index.php/japh/article/view/220 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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