Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic Changes
Exposure to different organisms (bacteria, mold, virus, protozoan, helminths, among others) can induce epigenetic changes affecting the modulation of immune responses and consequently increasing the susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. Epigenomic regulatory features are highly affected during em...
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2021-03-01
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doaj-0bbd91439df9499f96631263497e84932021-03-01T05:42:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-03-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.623737623737Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic ChangesBianca Sampaio Dotto Fiuza0Héllen Freitas Fonseca1Pedro Milet Meirelles2Pedro Milet Meirelles3Cintia Rodrigues Marques4Thiago Magalhães da Silva5Camila Alexandrina Figueiredo6Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BrazilInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BrazilInstituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BrazilInstituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Estudos Interdisciplinares e Transdisciplinares em Ecologia e Evolução (IN-TREE), Salvador, BrazilInstituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BrazilDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, BrazilInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BrazilExposure to different organisms (bacteria, mold, virus, protozoan, helminths, among others) can induce epigenetic changes affecting the modulation of immune responses and consequently increasing the susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. Epigenomic regulatory features are highly affected during embryonic development and are responsible for the expression or repression of different genes associated with cell development and targeting/conducting immune responses. The well-known, “window of opportunity” that includes maternal and post-natal environmental exposures, which include maternal infections, microbiota, diet, drugs, and pollutant exposures are of fundamental importance to immune modulation and these events are almost always accompanied by epigenetic changes. Recently, it has been shown that these alterations could be involved in both risk and protection of allergic diseases through mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, which can enhance Th2 responses and maintain memory Th2 cells or decrease Treg cells differentiation. In addition, epigenetic changes may differ according to the microbial agent involved and may even influence different asthma or allergy phenotypes. In this review, we discuss how exposure to different organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and helminths can lead to epigenetic modulations and how this correlates with allergic diseases considering different genetic backgrounds of several ancestral populations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.623737/fullasthmaallergiesholobiontmicrobiomeepigenetics |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bianca Sampaio Dotto Fiuza Héllen Freitas Fonseca Pedro Milet Meirelles Pedro Milet Meirelles Cintia Rodrigues Marques Thiago Magalhães da Silva Camila Alexandrina Figueiredo |
spellingShingle |
Bianca Sampaio Dotto Fiuza Héllen Freitas Fonseca Pedro Milet Meirelles Pedro Milet Meirelles Cintia Rodrigues Marques Thiago Magalhães da Silva Camila Alexandrina Figueiredo Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic Changes Frontiers in Immunology asthma allergies holobiont microbiome epigenetics |
author_facet |
Bianca Sampaio Dotto Fiuza Héllen Freitas Fonseca Pedro Milet Meirelles Pedro Milet Meirelles Cintia Rodrigues Marques Thiago Magalhães da Silva Camila Alexandrina Figueiredo |
author_sort |
Bianca Sampaio Dotto Fiuza |
title |
Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic Changes |
title_short |
Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic Changes |
title_full |
Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic Changes |
title_fullStr |
Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic Changes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Understanding Asthma and Allergies by the Lens of Biodiversity and Epigenetic Changes |
title_sort |
understanding asthma and allergies by the lens of biodiversity and epigenetic changes |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Immunology |
issn |
1664-3224 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
Exposure to different organisms (bacteria, mold, virus, protozoan, helminths, among others) can induce epigenetic changes affecting the modulation of immune responses and consequently increasing the susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. Epigenomic regulatory features are highly affected during embryonic development and are responsible for the expression or repression of different genes associated with cell development and targeting/conducting immune responses. The well-known, “window of opportunity” that includes maternal and post-natal environmental exposures, which include maternal infections, microbiota, diet, drugs, and pollutant exposures are of fundamental importance to immune modulation and these events are almost always accompanied by epigenetic changes. Recently, it has been shown that these alterations could be involved in both risk and protection of allergic diseases through mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, which can enhance Th2 responses and maintain memory Th2 cells or decrease Treg cells differentiation. In addition, epigenetic changes may differ according to the microbial agent involved and may even influence different asthma or allergy phenotypes. In this review, we discuss how exposure to different organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and helminths can lead to epigenetic modulations and how this correlates with allergic diseases considering different genetic backgrounds of several ancestral populations. |
topic |
asthma allergies holobiont microbiome epigenetics |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.623737/full |
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