Effects of physical and chemical factors on pseudorabies virus activity in vitro

• Main Authors: Lang Gong, Qiwei Deng, Runda Xu, Chihai Ji, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2020-09-01
• Series: BMC Veterinary Research
• Subjects: PRV; Biological characteristics; Physical and chemical factors
• Online Access: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12917-020-02573-3

Abstract Background Pseudorabies (PR) is latent and can persist in infected sows for a long time, and thus, convalescent sows can carry the virus throughout life, causing severe economic losses to farmers and posing a tremendous challenge to PR prevention and control. Here, to investigate the biological characteristics of pseudorabies virus (PRV), a variety of physical and chemical factors were analyzed under controlled conditions. Results The results showed that a high ambient temperature and dry environment led to faster virus inactivation. PRV had a certain resistance to weakly acidic or alkaline environments and was rapidly inactivated in strongly acidic or alkaline environments. The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on PRV activity primarily depended on the frequency, intensity, and irradiation time of the UV exposure. Exposure to sunlight inactivated PRV via multiple factors, including temperature, sunlight intensity, UV intensity, and environmental humidity, and any shielding from sunlight strongly lowered the killing effect. Conventional disinfectants had a good disinfection effect on PRV. Conclusions The biological characteristics of different PRV strains are variable. Generally, the activity of PRV is affected by multiple factors, which can show both synergy and antagonism. Real-world conditions should be taken into consideration to guide pork production.