Direct determination of E and Z configurations for double bond in bioactive meroterpenoids from Ganoderma mushrooms by diagnostic 1H NMR chemical shifts and structure revisions of previous analogues

• Main Authors: Fu-Ying Qin, Jiao-Jiao Zhang, Dai-Wei Wang, Te Xu, Dan Cai, Yong-Xian Cheng
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2021-12-01
• Series: Journal of Functional Foods
• Subjects: Ganoderma lucidum; Ganoderma cochlear; Meroterpenoids; Insulin resistance; Renal fibrosis
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464621004072

Ganoderma mushrooms are not only traditional Chinese medicine, but also dietary supplements and functional foods worldwide. In this work, six new meroterpenoids, ganodercins A − F (2, 3, and 6–9), and three known compounds ganomycin C (1), cochlearin I (4), and fornicin D (5) were isolated from Ganoderma mushrooms. An approach characteristic of the chemical shift for H-8 to assign the geometry of meroterpenoids was developed and successfully used for structure revisions of 1, 5, and previous analogues. Biological evaluation found that 4 selectively inhibits Smad3 phosphorylation in TGF-β1-induced NRK-52E cells. Moreover, 1 and 7 could increase glucose uptake in a dose dependent manner in palmitic acid induced C2C12 cells. Further, 1 was found to activate AMPKα(Thr-172) and AKT(Ser-473) phosphorylation, while 7 could activate AKT(Ser-473) phosphorylation. This study demonstrates the potential of Ganoderma to be developed as new anti-renal fibrosis and improve insulin resistance functional food and medicine.