Low Zinc Levels at Admission Associates with Poor Clinical Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Background: Zinc is an essential micronutrient that impacts host–pathogen interplay at infection. Zinc balances immune responses, and also has a proven direct antiviral action against some viruses. Importantly, zinc deficiency (ZD) is a common condition in elderly and individuals with chronic diseas...
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2021-02-01
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doaj-0c7797c8549b44c6a8f628be897454492021-02-10T00:00:05ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-02-011356256210.3390/nu13020562Low Zinc Levels at Admission Associates with Poor Clinical Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 InfectionMarina Vogel-González0Marc Talló-Parra1Víctor Herrera-Fernández2Gemma Pérez-Vilaró3Miguel Chillón4Xavier Nogués5Silvia Gómez-Zorrilla6Inmaculada López-Montesinos7Isabel Arnau-Barrés8Maria Luisa Sorli-Redó9Juan Pablo Horcajada10Natalia García-Giralt11Julio Pascual12Juana Díez13Rubén Vicente14Robert Güerri-Fernández15Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, SpainMolecular Virology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, SpainLaboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, SpainMolecular Virology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Edifici H, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, SpainDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mediques, 08003 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mediques, 08003 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mediques, 08003 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mediques, 08003 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mediques, 08003 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mediques, 08003 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mediques, 08003 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mediques, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, SpainMolecular Virology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, SpainLaboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar, Institut Mar d’Investigacions Mediques, 08003 Barcelona, SpainBackground: Zinc is an essential micronutrient that impacts host–pathogen interplay at infection. Zinc balances immune responses, and also has a proven direct antiviral action against some viruses. Importantly, zinc deficiency (ZD) is a common condition in elderly and individuals with chronic diseases, two groups with an increased risk for severe severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. We hypothesize that serum zinc content (SZC) influences COVID-19 disease progression, and thus might represent a useful biomarker. Methods: We ran an observational cohort study with 249 COVID-19 patients admitted in Hospital del Mar. We have studied COVID-19 severity and progression attending to SZC at admission. In parallel, we have studied severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) replication in the Vero E6 cell line modifying zinc concentrations. Findings: Our study demonstrates a correlation between serum zinc levels and COVID-19 outcome. Serum zinc levels lower than 50 µg/dL at admission correlated with worse clinical presentation, longer time to reach stability, and higher mortality. Our in vitro results indicate that low zinc levels favor viral expansion in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Interpretation: Low SZC is a risk factor that determines COVID-19 outcome. We encourage performing randomized clinical trials to study zinc supplementation as potential prophylaxis and treatment with people at risk of zinc deficiency.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/2/562SARS-CoV-2zincclinical outcomes |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Marina Vogel-González Marc Talló-Parra Víctor Herrera-Fernández Gemma Pérez-Vilaró Miguel Chillón Xavier Nogués Silvia Gómez-Zorrilla Inmaculada López-Montesinos Isabel Arnau-Barrés Maria Luisa Sorli-Redó Juan Pablo Horcajada Natalia García-Giralt Julio Pascual Juana Díez Rubén Vicente Robert Güerri-Fernández |
spellingShingle |
Marina Vogel-González Marc Talló-Parra Víctor Herrera-Fernández Gemma Pérez-Vilaró Miguel Chillón Xavier Nogués Silvia Gómez-Zorrilla Inmaculada López-Montesinos Isabel Arnau-Barrés Maria Luisa Sorli-Redó Juan Pablo Horcajada Natalia García-Giralt Julio Pascual Juana Díez Rubén Vicente Robert Güerri-Fernández Low Zinc Levels at Admission Associates with Poor Clinical Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 Infection Nutrients SARS-CoV-2 zinc clinical outcomes |
author_facet |
Marina Vogel-González Marc Talló-Parra Víctor Herrera-Fernández Gemma Pérez-Vilaró Miguel Chillón Xavier Nogués Silvia Gómez-Zorrilla Inmaculada López-Montesinos Isabel Arnau-Barrés Maria Luisa Sorli-Redó Juan Pablo Horcajada Natalia García-Giralt Julio Pascual Juana Díez Rubén Vicente Robert Güerri-Fernández |
author_sort |
Marina Vogel-González |
title |
Low Zinc Levels at Admission Associates with Poor Clinical Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
title_short |
Low Zinc Levels at Admission Associates with Poor Clinical Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
title_full |
Low Zinc Levels at Admission Associates with Poor Clinical Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
title_fullStr |
Low Zinc Levels at Admission Associates with Poor Clinical Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
title_full_unstemmed |
Low Zinc Levels at Admission Associates with Poor Clinical Outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 Infection |
title_sort |
low zinc levels at admission associates with poor clinical outcomes in sars-cov-2 infection |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Nutrients |
issn |
2072-6643 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Background: Zinc is an essential micronutrient that impacts host–pathogen interplay at infection. Zinc balances immune responses, and also has a proven direct antiviral action against some viruses. Importantly, zinc deficiency (ZD) is a common condition in elderly and individuals with chronic diseases, two groups with an increased risk for severe severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. We hypothesize that serum zinc content (SZC) influences COVID-19 disease progression, and thus might represent a useful biomarker. Methods: We ran an observational cohort study with 249 COVID-19 patients admitted in Hospital del Mar. We have studied COVID-19 severity and progression attending to SZC at admission. In parallel, we have studied severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) replication in the Vero E6 cell line modifying zinc concentrations. Findings: Our study demonstrates a correlation between serum zinc levels and COVID-19 outcome. Serum zinc levels lower than 50 µg/dL at admission correlated with worse clinical presentation, longer time to reach stability, and higher mortality. Our in vitro results indicate that low zinc levels favor viral expansion in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. Interpretation: Low SZC is a risk factor that determines COVID-19 outcome. We encourage performing randomized clinical trials to study zinc supplementation as potential prophylaxis and treatment with people at risk of zinc deficiency. |
topic |
SARS-CoV-2 zinc clinical outcomes |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/2/562 |
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