Innovations in the Assessment of Primary and Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon
Objectives: Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is characterized by intense vasospasm of the digital arteries that causes characteristic color changes in fingers. There are two main types of RP: Primary RP (PRP) and Secondary RP (SRP). PRP is a benign condition. Whilst SRP is associated with several connectiv...
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doaj-0c9987cb79b84d369321a6be190fe6962020-11-24T21:44:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122019-04-011010.3389/fphar.2019.00360440779Innovations in the Assessment of Primary and Secondary Raynaud’s PhenomenonBarbara Ruaro0Vanessa Smith1Vanessa Smith2Vanessa Smith3Alberto Sulli4Carmen Pizzorni5Samuele Tardito6Massimo Patané7Sabrina Paolino8Maurizio Cutolo9Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyDepartment of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, BelgiumUnit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, BelgiumResearch Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyResearch Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyResearch Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyResearch Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyResearch Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyResearch Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, University of Genova, Genova, ItalyObjectives: Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is characterized by intense vasospasm of the digital arteries that causes characteristic color changes in fingers. There are two main types of RP: Primary RP (PRP) and Secondary RP (SRP). PRP is a benign condition. Whilst SRP is associated with several connective tissue diseases (CTD), in particular systemic sclerosis (SSc). The objectives of this report were: to present a short review on morphological (nailfold videocapillaroscopy, NVC) and functional techniques (laser tools and thermography) that allow for a correct diagnosis and treatment of RP and to investigate blood perfusion (BP) by laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) in different skin areas of hands and face in PRP, SRP to SSc, and healthy subjects (CNT).Methods: 31 PRP patients (LeRoy criteria), 70 SRP to SSc (ACR/EULAR criteria) and 68 CNT were enrolled. BP was assessed by LASCA at the level different areas of hands and face. NVC was performed to distinguish between PRP and SRP, and to detect the proper pattern of nailfold microangiopathy in SSc patients.Results: Both PRP and SRP showed a statistically significant lower BP than CNT at the level of fingertips (p < 0.0001), periungual (p < 0.0001), palmar aspect of 3rd finger (p < 0.0001), and palm areas (p < 0.0001). Moreover, BP was significantly lower in PRP than in SRP to SSc with the “Early” pattern of microangiopathy in the same areas as above (p < 0.04).Conclusion: By considering a small cohort of patients, BP of hands was found lower in PRP than in SSc patients with the “Early” NVC pattern of microangiopathy.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2019.00360/fullRaynaud’s phenomenonsystemic sclerosismicrovascular damagenailfold videocapillaroscopyperipheral blood perfusionlaser techniques |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Barbara Ruaro Vanessa Smith Vanessa Smith Vanessa Smith Alberto Sulli Carmen Pizzorni Samuele Tardito Massimo Patané Sabrina Paolino Maurizio Cutolo |
spellingShingle |
Barbara Ruaro Vanessa Smith Vanessa Smith Vanessa Smith Alberto Sulli Carmen Pizzorni Samuele Tardito Massimo Patané Sabrina Paolino Maurizio Cutolo Innovations in the Assessment of Primary and Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon Frontiers in Pharmacology Raynaud’s phenomenon systemic sclerosis microvascular damage nailfold videocapillaroscopy peripheral blood perfusion laser techniques |
author_facet |
Barbara Ruaro Vanessa Smith Vanessa Smith Vanessa Smith Alberto Sulli Carmen Pizzorni Samuele Tardito Massimo Patané Sabrina Paolino Maurizio Cutolo |
author_sort |
Barbara Ruaro |
title |
Innovations in the Assessment of Primary and Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon |
title_short |
Innovations in the Assessment of Primary and Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon |
title_full |
Innovations in the Assessment of Primary and Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon |
title_fullStr |
Innovations in the Assessment of Primary and Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Innovations in the Assessment of Primary and Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon |
title_sort |
innovations in the assessment of primary and secondary raynaud’s phenomenon |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Pharmacology |
issn |
1663-9812 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
Objectives: Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is characterized by intense vasospasm of the digital arteries that causes characteristic color changes in fingers. There are two main types of RP: Primary RP (PRP) and Secondary RP (SRP). PRP is a benign condition. Whilst SRP is associated with several connective tissue diseases (CTD), in particular systemic sclerosis (SSc). The objectives of this report were: to present a short review on morphological (nailfold videocapillaroscopy, NVC) and functional techniques (laser tools and thermography) that allow for a correct diagnosis and treatment of RP and to investigate blood perfusion (BP) by laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA) in different skin areas of hands and face in PRP, SRP to SSc, and healthy subjects (CNT).Methods: 31 PRP patients (LeRoy criteria), 70 SRP to SSc (ACR/EULAR criteria) and 68 CNT were enrolled. BP was assessed by LASCA at the level different areas of hands and face. NVC was performed to distinguish between PRP and SRP, and to detect the proper pattern of nailfold microangiopathy in SSc patients.Results: Both PRP and SRP showed a statistically significant lower BP than CNT at the level of fingertips (p < 0.0001), periungual (p < 0.0001), palmar aspect of 3rd finger (p < 0.0001), and palm areas (p < 0.0001). Moreover, BP was significantly lower in PRP than in SRP to SSc with the “Early” pattern of microangiopathy in the same areas as above (p < 0.04).Conclusion: By considering a small cohort of patients, BP of hands was found lower in PRP than in SSc patients with the “Early” NVC pattern of microangiopathy. |
topic |
Raynaud’s phenomenon systemic sclerosis microvascular damage nailfold videocapillaroscopy peripheral blood perfusion laser techniques |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2019.00360/full |
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