Ambient Air Pollution and Stillbirths Risk in Sydney, Australia
We aimed to determine the associations between ambient air pollution, specifically particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns and 2.5 microns (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> respectively) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), and stillbirths. We analysed all s...
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doaj-0ccd519c50794ba9931fdc69cf0b0d222021-09-26T01:33:14ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042021-08-01920920910.3390/toxics9090209Ambient Air Pollution and Stillbirths Risk in Sydney, AustraliaBin Jalaludin0Farhad Salimi1Mahsan Sadeghi2Laura Collie3Geoffrey Morgan4Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2170, AustraliaSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, AustraliaCentre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research (CAR), Glebe 2037, AustraliaNew South Wales Ministry of Health, Sydney 2010, AustraliaCentre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research (CAR), Glebe 2037, AustraliaWe aimed to determine the associations between ambient air pollution, specifically particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns and 2.5 microns (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> respectively) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), and stillbirths. We analysed all singleton births between 20–42 weeks gestation in metropolitan Sydney, Australia, from 1997 to 2012. We implemented logistic regression to assess the associations between air pollutants and stillbirth for each trimester and for the entire pregnancy. Over the study period, there were 967,694 live births and 4287 stillbirths. Mean levels of PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> for the entire pregnancy were 17.9 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, 7.1 µg/m<sup>3</sup> and 3.2 ppb, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios were generally greater than unity for associations between PM and stillbirths, but none were statistically significant. There were no significant associations between O<sub>3</sub> and stillbirths. There was potential effect modification of the PM<sub>10</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> association by maternal age. We did not find consistent evidence of associations between PM and O<sub>3</sub> and stillbirths in Sydney, Australia. More high quality birth cohort studies are required to clarify associations between air pollution and stillbirths.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/9/209ambient air pollutionparticulate matterozonestillbirth |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Bin Jalaludin Farhad Salimi Mahsan Sadeghi Laura Collie Geoffrey Morgan |
spellingShingle |
Bin Jalaludin Farhad Salimi Mahsan Sadeghi Laura Collie Geoffrey Morgan Ambient Air Pollution and Stillbirths Risk in Sydney, Australia Toxics ambient air pollution particulate matter ozone stillbirth |
author_facet |
Bin Jalaludin Farhad Salimi Mahsan Sadeghi Laura Collie Geoffrey Morgan |
author_sort |
Bin Jalaludin |
title |
Ambient Air Pollution and Stillbirths Risk in Sydney, Australia |
title_short |
Ambient Air Pollution and Stillbirths Risk in Sydney, Australia |
title_full |
Ambient Air Pollution and Stillbirths Risk in Sydney, Australia |
title_fullStr |
Ambient Air Pollution and Stillbirths Risk in Sydney, Australia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ambient Air Pollution and Stillbirths Risk in Sydney, Australia |
title_sort |
ambient air pollution and stillbirths risk in sydney, australia |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Toxics |
issn |
2305-6304 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
We aimed to determine the associations between ambient air pollution, specifically particulate matter less than or equal to 10 microns and 2.5 microns (PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> respectively) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), and stillbirths. We analysed all singleton births between 20–42 weeks gestation in metropolitan Sydney, Australia, from 1997 to 2012. We implemented logistic regression to assess the associations between air pollutants and stillbirth for each trimester and for the entire pregnancy. Over the study period, there were 967,694 live births and 4287 stillbirths. Mean levels of PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> for the entire pregnancy were 17.9 µg/m<sup>3</sup>, 7.1 µg/m<sup>3</sup> and 3.2 ppb, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios were generally greater than unity for associations between PM and stillbirths, but none were statistically significant. There were no significant associations between O<sub>3</sub> and stillbirths. There was potential effect modification of the PM<sub>10</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> association by maternal age. We did not find consistent evidence of associations between PM and O<sub>3</sub> and stillbirths in Sydney, Australia. More high quality birth cohort studies are required to clarify associations between air pollution and stillbirths. |
topic |
ambient air pollution particulate matter ozone stillbirth |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/9/9/209 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT binjalaludin ambientairpollutionandstillbirthsriskinsydneyaustralia AT farhadsalimi ambientairpollutionandstillbirthsriskinsydneyaustralia AT mahsansadeghi ambientairpollutionandstillbirthsriskinsydneyaustralia AT lauracollie ambientairpollutionandstillbirthsriskinsydneyaustralia AT geoffreymorgan ambientairpollutionandstillbirthsriskinsydneyaustralia |
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