Molecular mechanism of noradrenaline during the stress-induced major depressive disorder
Chronic stress-induced depression is a common hallmark of many psychiatric disorders with high morbidity rate. Stress-induced dysregulation of noradrenergic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. Lack of monoamine in the brain has been believed to be the main causative factor...
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2018-01-01
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doaj-0d09e6d44b994b7286258fc5464198bb2020-11-25T03:37:36ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsNeural Regeneration Research1673-53742018-01-011371159116910.4103/1673-5374.235019Molecular mechanism of noradrenaline during the stress-induced major depressive disorderKenjiro SekiSatomi YoshidaManoj Kumar JaiswalChronic stress-induced depression is a common hallmark of many psychiatric disorders with high morbidity rate. Stress-induced dysregulation of noradrenergic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. Lack of monoamine in the brain has been believed to be the main causative factor behind pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and several antidepressants functions by increasing the monoamine level at the synapses in the brain. However, it is undetermined whether the noradrenergic receptor stimulation is critical for the therapeutic effect of antidepressant. Contrary to noradrenergic receptor stimulation, it has been suggested that the desensitization of β-adrenoceptor is involved in the therapeutic effect of antidepressant. In addition, enhanced noradrenaline (NA) release is central response to stress and thought to be a risk factor for the development of MDD. Moreover, fast acting antidepressant suppresses the hyperactivation of noradrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus (LC). However, it is unclear how they alter the firing activity of LC neurons. These inconsistent reports about antidepressant effect of NA-reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) and enhanced release of NA as a stress response complicate our understanding about the pathophysiology of MDD. In this review, we will discuss the role of NA in pathophysiology of stress and the mechanism of therapeutic effect of NA in MDD. We will also discuss the possible contributions of each subtype of noradrenergic receptors on LC neurons, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) and brain derived neurotrophic factor-induced hippocampal neurogenesis during stress and therapeutic effect of NRIs in MDD.http://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2018;volume=13;issue=7;spage=1159;epage=1169;aulast=Sekimajor depression; stress; noradrenaline; noradrenaline-reuptake inhibitors; serotonin receptors; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; locus coeruleus; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; serotonin noradrenaline-reuptake inhibitors |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Kenjiro Seki Satomi Yoshida Manoj Kumar Jaiswal |
spellingShingle |
Kenjiro Seki Satomi Yoshida Manoj Kumar Jaiswal Molecular mechanism of noradrenaline during the stress-induced major depressive disorder Neural Regeneration Research major depression; stress; noradrenaline; noradrenaline-reuptake inhibitors; serotonin receptors; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; locus coeruleus; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; serotonin noradrenaline-reuptake inhibitors |
author_facet |
Kenjiro Seki Satomi Yoshida Manoj Kumar Jaiswal |
author_sort |
Kenjiro Seki |
title |
Molecular mechanism of noradrenaline during the stress-induced major depressive disorder |
title_short |
Molecular mechanism of noradrenaline during the stress-induced major depressive disorder |
title_full |
Molecular mechanism of noradrenaline during the stress-induced major depressive disorder |
title_fullStr |
Molecular mechanism of noradrenaline during the stress-induced major depressive disorder |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular mechanism of noradrenaline during the stress-induced major depressive disorder |
title_sort |
molecular mechanism of noradrenaline during the stress-induced major depressive disorder |
publisher |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
series |
Neural Regeneration Research |
issn |
1673-5374 |
publishDate |
2018-01-01 |
description |
Chronic stress-induced depression is a common hallmark of many psychiatric disorders with high morbidity rate. Stress-induced dysregulation of noradrenergic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression. Lack of monoamine in the brain has been believed to be the main causative factor behind pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and several antidepressants functions by increasing the monoamine level at the synapses in the brain. However, it is undetermined whether the noradrenergic receptor stimulation is critical for the therapeutic effect of antidepressant. Contrary to noradrenergic receptor stimulation, it has been suggested that the desensitization of β-adrenoceptor is involved in the therapeutic effect of antidepressant. In addition, enhanced noradrenaline (NA) release is central response to stress and thought to be a risk factor for the development of MDD. Moreover, fast acting antidepressant suppresses the hyperactivation of noradrenergic neurons in locus coeruleus (LC). However, it is unclear how they alter the firing activity of LC neurons. These inconsistent reports about antidepressant effect of NA-reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) and enhanced release of NA as a stress response complicate our understanding about the pathophysiology of MDD. In this review, we will discuss the role of NA in pathophysiology of stress and the mechanism of therapeutic effect of NA in MDD. We will also discuss the possible contributions of each subtype of noradrenergic receptors on LC neurons, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) and brain derived neurotrophic factor-induced hippocampal neurogenesis during stress and therapeutic effect of NRIs in MDD. |
topic |
major depression; stress; noradrenaline; noradrenaline-reuptake inhibitors; serotonin receptors; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; locus coeruleus; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; serotonin noradrenaline-reuptake inhibitors |
url |
http://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2018;volume=13;issue=7;spage=1159;epage=1169;aulast=Seki |
work_keys_str_mv |
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