A New 32-Day Average-Difference Method for Calculating Inter-Sensor Calibration Radiometric Biases between SNPP and NOAA-20 Instruments within ICVS Framework

• Main Authors: Banghua Yan, Mitch Goldberg, Xin Jin, Ding Liang, Jingfeng Huang, Warren Porter, Ninghai Sun, Lihang Zhou, Chunhui Pan, Flavio Iturbide-Sanchez, Quanhua Liu, Kun Zhang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-08-01
• Series: Remote Sensing
• Subjects: 32-day-averaged differences; globally-averaged inter-sensor calibration radiometric biases; zonally-averaged inter-sensor calibration radiometric biases; solar intrusion anomaly; <i>ATMS</i>; CrIS
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/16/3079

Two existing double-difference (DD) methods, using either a 3rdSensor or Radiative Transfer Modeling (<i>RTM</i>) as a transfer, are applicable primarily for limited regions and channels, and, thus critical in capturing inter-sensor calibration radiometric bias features. A supplementary method is also desirable for estimating inter-sensor calibration biases at the window and lower sounding channels where the DD methods have non-negligible errors. In this study, using the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (<i>SNPP</i>) and Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)-1 (alias NOAA-20) as an example, we present a new inter-sensor bias statistical method by calculating 32-day averaged differences (32D-AD) of radiometric measurements between the same instrument onboard two satellites. In the new method, a quality control (QC) scheme using one-sigma (for radiance difference), or two-sigma (for radiance) thresholds are established to remove outliers that are significantly affected by diurnal biases within the 32-day temporal coverage. The performance of the method is assessed by applying it to estimate inter-sensor calibration radiometric biases for four instruments onboard <i>SNPP</i> and NOAA-20, i.e., Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (<i>ATMS</i>), Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), Nadir Profiler (NP) within the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Our analyses indicate that the globally-averaged inter-sensor differences using the 32D-AD method agree with those using the existing DD methods for available channels, with margins partially due to remaining diurnal errors. In addition, the new method shows its capability in assessing zonal mean features of inter-sensor calibration biases at upper sounding channels. It also detects the solar intrusion anomaly occurring on NOAA-20 OMPS NP at wavelengths below 300 nm over the Northern Hemisphere. Currently, the new method is being operationally adopted to monitor the long-term trends of (globally-averaged) inter-sensor calibration radiometric biases at all channels for the above sensors in the Integrated Calibration/Validation System (ICVS). It is valuable in demonstrating the quality consistencies of the SDR data at the four instruments between <i>SNPP</i> and NOAA-20 in long-term statistics. The methodology is also applicable for other POES cross-sensor calibration bias assessments with minor changes.