Associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlife
Abstract Background Studies indicate an effect of smoking toward abdominal obesity, but few assess hip and waist circumferences (HC and WC) independently. The present study aimed to assess the associations of smoking status and volume smoked with HC and WC and their ratio in a population with low pr...
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doaj-0dac7a1ad684429a840a02c13cb3fb972020-11-25T03:37:08ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582019-11-0119111010.1186/s12889-019-7807-9Associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlifeSidsel Graff-Iversen0Stephen Hewitt1Lisa Forsén2Liv Grøtvedt3Inger Ariansen4Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthDepartment of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Medical Clinic, Oslo University Hospital AkerDivision of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthDivision of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthDivision of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthAbstract Background Studies indicate an effect of smoking toward abdominal obesity, but few assess hip and waist circumferences (HC and WC) independently. The present study aimed to assess the associations of smoking status and volume smoked with HC and WC and their ratio in a population with low prevalence of obesity together with high prevalence of smoking. Methods We used cross-sectional survey data from 11 of a total 19 Norwegian counties examined in 1997–99 including 65,875 men and women aged 39–44 years. Analysis of associations were adjusted for confounding by socioeconomic position, health indicators, and additionally for BMI. Results Compared with never-smokers, when adjusting for confounders and in addition for BMI, mean HC remained lower while mean WC and waist-hip-ratio (WHR) were higher in current smokers. The finding of a lower HC and higher WHR level among smokers was consistent by sex and in strata by levels of education and physical activity, while the finding of higher WC by smoking was less consistent. Among current smokers, BMI-adjusted mean HC decreased whereas WC and WHR increased by volume smoked. Compared with current smokers, former smokers had higher BMI-adjusted HC, lower WHR and among women WC was lower. Conclusions The main finding in this study was the consistent negative associations of smoking with HC. In line with the hypothesis that lower percentage gluteofemoral fat is linked with higher cardiovascular risk, our results suggest that smoking impacts cardiovascular risk through mechanisms that reduce the capacity of fat storage in the lower body region.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-019-7807-9SmokingAbdominal obesityWaist circumferenceHip circumferenceWaist-hip ratio |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sidsel Graff-Iversen Stephen Hewitt Lisa Forsén Liv Grøtvedt Inger Ariansen |
spellingShingle |
Sidsel Graff-Iversen Stephen Hewitt Lisa Forsén Liv Grøtvedt Inger Ariansen Associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlife BMC Public Health Smoking Abdominal obesity Waist circumference Hip circumference Waist-hip ratio |
author_facet |
Sidsel Graff-Iversen Stephen Hewitt Lisa Forsén Liv Grøtvedt Inger Ariansen |
author_sort |
Sidsel Graff-Iversen |
title |
Associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlife |
title_short |
Associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlife |
title_full |
Associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlife |
title_fullStr |
Associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlife |
title_full_unstemmed |
Associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlife |
title_sort |
associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlife |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
BMC Public Health |
issn |
1471-2458 |
publishDate |
2019-11-01 |
description |
Abstract Background Studies indicate an effect of smoking toward abdominal obesity, but few assess hip and waist circumferences (HC and WC) independently. The present study aimed to assess the associations of smoking status and volume smoked with HC and WC and their ratio in a population with low prevalence of obesity together with high prevalence of smoking. Methods We used cross-sectional survey data from 11 of a total 19 Norwegian counties examined in 1997–99 including 65,875 men and women aged 39–44 years. Analysis of associations were adjusted for confounding by socioeconomic position, health indicators, and additionally for BMI. Results Compared with never-smokers, when adjusting for confounders and in addition for BMI, mean HC remained lower while mean WC and waist-hip-ratio (WHR) were higher in current smokers. The finding of a lower HC and higher WHR level among smokers was consistent by sex and in strata by levels of education and physical activity, while the finding of higher WC by smoking was less consistent. Among current smokers, BMI-adjusted mean HC decreased whereas WC and WHR increased by volume smoked. Compared with current smokers, former smokers had higher BMI-adjusted HC, lower WHR and among women WC was lower. Conclusions The main finding in this study was the consistent negative associations of smoking with HC. In line with the hypothesis that lower percentage gluteofemoral fat is linked with higher cardiovascular risk, our results suggest that smoking impacts cardiovascular risk through mechanisms that reduce the capacity of fat storage in the lower body region. |
topic |
Smoking Abdominal obesity Waist circumference Hip circumference Waist-hip ratio |
url |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-019-7807-9 |
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