Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Cupping Therapy
Cupping therapy has recently gained public attention and is widely used in many regions. Some patients are resistant to being treated with cupping therapy, as visually unpleasant marks on the skin may elicit negative reactions. This study aimed to identify the cognitive and emotional components of c...
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doaj-0dc9323e08a64fa0a909426f3d9027c92020-11-25T01:55:07ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252020-03-0110314410.3390/brainsci10030144brainsci10030144Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Cupping TherapyMinyoung Hong0In-Seon Lee1Yeonhee Ryu2Junsuk Kim3Younbyoung Chae4Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaAcupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaKM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, KoreaDepartment of Industrial ICT Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, KoreaAcupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, KoreaCupping therapy has recently gained public attention and is widely used in many regions. Some patients are resistant to being treated with cupping therapy, as visually unpleasant marks on the skin may elicit negative reactions. This study aimed to identify the cognitive and emotional components of cupping therapy. Twenty-five healthy volunteers were presented with emotionally evocative visual stimuli representing fear, disgust, happiness, neutral emotion, and cupping, along with control images. Participants evaluated the valence and arousal level of each stimulus. Before the experiment, they completed the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III. In two-dimensional affective space, emotional arousal increases as hedonic valence ratings become increasingly pleasant or unpleasant. Cupping therapy images were more unpleasant and more arousing than the control images. Cluster analysis showed that the response to cupping therapy images had emotional characteristics similar to those for fear images. Individuals with a greater fear of pain rated cupping therapy images as more unpleasant and more arousing. Psychophysical analysis showed that individuals experienced unpleasant and aroused emotional states in response to the cupping therapy images. Our findings suggest that cupping therapy might be associated with unpleasant-defensive motivation and motivational activation. Determining the emotional components of cupping therapy would help clinicians and researchers to understand the intrinsic effects of cupping therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/3/144arousalcuppingemotionmotivationvalence |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Minyoung Hong In-Seon Lee Yeonhee Ryu Junsuk Kim Younbyoung Chae |
spellingShingle |
Minyoung Hong In-Seon Lee Yeonhee Ryu Junsuk Kim Younbyoung Chae Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Cupping Therapy Brain Sciences arousal cupping emotion motivation valence |
author_facet |
Minyoung Hong In-Seon Lee Yeonhee Ryu Junsuk Kim Younbyoung Chae |
author_sort |
Minyoung Hong |
title |
Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Cupping Therapy |
title_short |
Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Cupping Therapy |
title_full |
Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Cupping Therapy |
title_fullStr |
Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Cupping Therapy |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Cupping Therapy |
title_sort |
cognitive and emotional aspects of cupping therapy |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Brain Sciences |
issn |
2076-3425 |
publishDate |
2020-03-01 |
description |
Cupping therapy has recently gained public attention and is widely used in many regions. Some patients are resistant to being treated with cupping therapy, as visually unpleasant marks on the skin may elicit negative reactions. This study aimed to identify the cognitive and emotional components of cupping therapy. Twenty-five healthy volunteers were presented with emotionally evocative visual stimuli representing fear, disgust, happiness, neutral emotion, and cupping, along with control images. Participants evaluated the valence and arousal level of each stimulus. Before the experiment, they completed the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III. In two-dimensional affective space, emotional arousal increases as hedonic valence ratings become increasingly pleasant or unpleasant. Cupping therapy images were more unpleasant and more arousing than the control images. Cluster analysis showed that the response to cupping therapy images had emotional characteristics similar to those for fear images. Individuals with a greater fear of pain rated cupping therapy images as more unpleasant and more arousing. Psychophysical analysis showed that individuals experienced unpleasant and aroused emotional states in response to the cupping therapy images. Our findings suggest that cupping therapy might be associated with unpleasant-defensive motivation and motivational activation. Determining the emotional components of cupping therapy would help clinicians and researchers to understand the intrinsic effects of cupping therapy. |
topic |
arousal cupping emotion motivation valence |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/3/144 |
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