CNL–<i>Clitocybe nebularis</i> Lectin—The Fungal GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-Binding Lectin
<i>Clitocybe nebularis</i> lectin (CNL) is present in fruiting bodies of clouded agaric along with several similar isolectins that are all small and stable proteins. It is a beta-trefoil type lectin forming homodimers that are essential for its functionality. It binds specifically <i&...
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doaj-0e00e4bdb0ce4bfb8feba1bb2d94049c2020-11-25T02:35:02ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-11-012423420410.3390/molecules24234204molecules24234204CNL–<i>Clitocybe nebularis</i> Lectin—The Fungal GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-Binding LectinJerica Sabotič0Janko Kos1Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia<i>Clitocybe nebularis</i> lectin (CNL) is present in fruiting bodies of clouded agaric along with several similar isolectins that are all small and stable proteins. It is a beta-trefoil type lectin forming homodimers that are essential for its functionality. It binds specifically <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>’-diacetyllactosediamine (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc, LacDiNac) and human blood group A determinant-containing glycan epitopes. Its most probable function is to defend fruiting bodies against predators and parasites. In addition, an endogenous regulatory function is possible for CNL, as indicated by its interaction with fungal protease inhibitors sharing the beta-trefoil fold. CNL is toxic to insects, nematodes and amoebae, as well as to leukemic T-cell lines. Bivalent carbohydrate binding is essential for the toxicity of CNL, against both invertebrates and cancer-derived cell lines. In addition, CNL exhibits potent immunostimulation of human dendritic cells, resulting in a strong T helper cell type 1 response. Based on its unique characteristics, CNL is a promising candidate for applications in human and veterinary medicine as well as in agriculture, for plant protection.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/23/4204beta-trefoil foldlacdinacentomotoxicleukemic t-cellantiproliferativedendritic cell |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Jerica Sabotič Janko Kos |
spellingShingle |
Jerica Sabotič Janko Kos CNL–<i>Clitocybe nebularis</i> Lectin—The Fungal GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-Binding Lectin Molecules beta-trefoil fold lacdinac entomotoxic leukemic t-cell antiproliferative dendritic cell |
author_facet |
Jerica Sabotič Janko Kos |
author_sort |
Jerica Sabotič |
title |
CNL–<i>Clitocybe nebularis</i> Lectin—The Fungal GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-Binding Lectin |
title_short |
CNL–<i>Clitocybe nebularis</i> Lectin—The Fungal GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-Binding Lectin |
title_full |
CNL–<i>Clitocybe nebularis</i> Lectin—The Fungal GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-Binding Lectin |
title_fullStr |
CNL–<i>Clitocybe nebularis</i> Lectin—The Fungal GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-Binding Lectin |
title_full_unstemmed |
CNL–<i>Clitocybe nebularis</i> Lectin—The Fungal GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc-Binding Lectin |
title_sort |
cnl–<i>clitocybe nebularis</i> lectin—the fungal galnacβ1-4glcnac-binding lectin |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Molecules |
issn |
1420-3049 |
publishDate |
2019-11-01 |
description |
<i>Clitocybe nebularis</i> lectin (CNL) is present in fruiting bodies of clouded agaric along with several similar isolectins that are all small and stable proteins. It is a beta-trefoil type lectin forming homodimers that are essential for its functionality. It binds specifically <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>’-diacetyllactosediamine (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc, LacDiNac) and human blood group A determinant-containing glycan epitopes. Its most probable function is to defend fruiting bodies against predators and parasites. In addition, an endogenous regulatory function is possible for CNL, as indicated by its interaction with fungal protease inhibitors sharing the beta-trefoil fold. CNL is toxic to insects, nematodes and amoebae, as well as to leukemic T-cell lines. Bivalent carbohydrate binding is essential for the toxicity of CNL, against both invertebrates and cancer-derived cell lines. In addition, CNL exhibits potent immunostimulation of human dendritic cells, resulting in a strong T helper cell type 1 response. Based on its unique characteristics, CNL is a promising candidate for applications in human and veterinary medicine as well as in agriculture, for plant protection. |
topic |
beta-trefoil fold lacdinac entomotoxic leukemic t-cell antiproliferative dendritic cell |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/23/4204 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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