Isolation of Anti-Inflammatory and Epithelium Reinforcing <i>Bacteroides</i> and <i>Parabacteroides</i> Spp. from A Healthy Fecal Donor

• Main Authors: Kaisa Hiippala, Veera Kainulainen, Maiju Suutarinen, Tuomas Heini, Jolene R. Bowers, Daniel Jasso-Selles, Darrin Lemmer, Michael Valentine, Riley Barnes, David M. Engelthaler, Reetta Satokari
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020-03-01
• Series: Nutrients
• Subjects: bacteroides; gut homeostasis; host-microbe interactions; immunomodulation; LPS; next-generation probiotics
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/4/935

Altered intestinal microbiota is associated with systemic and intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dysbiotic microbiota with enhanced proinflammatory capacity is characterized by depletion of anaerobic commensals, increased proportion of facultatively anaerobic bacteria, as well as reduced diversity and stability. In this study, we developed a high-throughput in vitro screening assay to isolate intestinal commensal bacteria with anti-inflammatory capacity from a healthy fecal microbiota transplantation donor. Freshly isolated gut bacteria were screened for their capacity to attenuate <i>Escherichia coli</i> lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin 8 (IL-8) release from HT-29 cells. The screen yielded a number of <i>Bacteroides</i> and <i>Parabacteroides</i> isolates, which were identified as <i>P. distasonis</i>, <i>B. caccae</i>, <i>B. intestinalis</i>, <i>B. uniformis</i>, <i>B. fragilis</i>, <i>B. vulgatus</i> and <i>B. ovatus</i> using whole genome sequencing. We observed that a cell-cell contact with the epithelium was not necessary to alleviate in vitro inflammation as spent culture media from the isolates were also effective and the anti-inflammatory action did not correlate with the enterocyte adherence capacity of the isolates. The anti-inflammatory isolates also exerted enterocyte monolayer reinforcing action and lacked essential genes to synthetize hexa-acylated, proinflammatory lipid A, part of LPS. Yet, the anti-inflammatory effector molecules remain to be identified. The <i>Bacteroides</i> strains isolated and characterized in this study have potential to be used as so-called next-generation probiotics.