Infrasound Thunder Detections across 15 Years over Ivory Coast: Localization, Propagation, and Link with the Stratospheric Semi-Annual Oscillation
Every day, about one thousand thunderstorms occur around the world, producing about 45 lightning flashes per second. One prominent infrasound station of the International Monitoring System infrasound network of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization for studying lightning activity is...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-09-01
|
Series: | Atmosphere |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/9/1188 |
id |
doaj-0e66f8f750c0472fa3e8ef2cf430f492 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-0e66f8f750c0472fa3e8ef2cf430f4922021-09-25T23:43:54ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-09-01121188118810.3390/atmos12091188Infrasound Thunder Detections across 15 Years over Ivory Coast: Localization, Propagation, and Link with the Stratospheric Semi-Annual OscillationThomas Farges0Patrick Hupe1Alexis Le Pichon2Lars Ceranna3Constantino Listowski4Adama Diawara5CEA (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), DAM (Direction des Applications Militaires), DIF (DAM-Ile-de-France), F-91297 Arpajon, FranceBGR (Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources), D-30655 Hannover, GermanyCEA (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), DAM (Direction des Applications Militaires), DIF (DAM-Ile-de-France), F-91297 Arpajon, FranceBGR (Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources), D-30655 Hannover, GermanyCEA (Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), DAM (Direction des Applications Militaires), DIF (DAM-Ile-de-France), F-91297 Arpajon, FranceLaboratoire des Sciences de la Matière, de l’Environnement et de l’Energie Solaire (LASMES), Unité de Formation et de Recherche (UFR) Sciences de Structures de la Matière et Technologie (SSMT), University Felix Houphouët-Boigny (FHB), 01 BP V 34, 01 Abidjan, Côte d’IvoireEvery day, about one thousand thunderstorms occur around the world, producing about 45 lightning flashes per second. One prominent infrasound station of the International Monitoring System infrasound network of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization for studying lightning activity is in Ivory Coast, where the lightning rate of this region is relatively high. Infrasound defines acoustic waves with frequencies below 20 Hz, the lower limit of human hearing. Statistical results are presented in this paper based on infrasound measurements from 2004 to 2019. One-to-one association between infrasound detections from 0.5 to 5 Hz and lightning flashes detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network within 500 km from the infrasound station is systematically investigated. Most of the infrasound signals detected at IS17 in this frequency band are due to thunder, even if the thunderstorms are located up to 500 km away from the station. A decay of the thunder amplitude with the flash distance, <i>d</i>, is found to scale as <i>d</i><sup>−0.717</sup> for flashes within 100 km from the station, which holds for direct propagation. Interestingly, the stratospheric detections reflect a pattern in the annual azimuth variation, which is consistent with the equatorial stratospheric semi-annual oscillation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/9/1188lightningthunderthunderstorminfrasoundinternational monitoring systemsemi-annual oscillation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Thomas Farges Patrick Hupe Alexis Le Pichon Lars Ceranna Constantino Listowski Adama Diawara |
spellingShingle |
Thomas Farges Patrick Hupe Alexis Le Pichon Lars Ceranna Constantino Listowski Adama Diawara Infrasound Thunder Detections across 15 Years over Ivory Coast: Localization, Propagation, and Link with the Stratospheric Semi-Annual Oscillation Atmosphere lightning thunder thunderstorm infrasound international monitoring system semi-annual oscillation |
author_facet |
Thomas Farges Patrick Hupe Alexis Le Pichon Lars Ceranna Constantino Listowski Adama Diawara |
author_sort |
Thomas Farges |
title |
Infrasound Thunder Detections across 15 Years over Ivory Coast: Localization, Propagation, and Link with the Stratospheric Semi-Annual Oscillation |
title_short |
Infrasound Thunder Detections across 15 Years over Ivory Coast: Localization, Propagation, and Link with the Stratospheric Semi-Annual Oscillation |
title_full |
Infrasound Thunder Detections across 15 Years over Ivory Coast: Localization, Propagation, and Link with the Stratospheric Semi-Annual Oscillation |
title_fullStr |
Infrasound Thunder Detections across 15 Years over Ivory Coast: Localization, Propagation, and Link with the Stratospheric Semi-Annual Oscillation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Infrasound Thunder Detections across 15 Years over Ivory Coast: Localization, Propagation, and Link with the Stratospheric Semi-Annual Oscillation |
title_sort |
infrasound thunder detections across 15 years over ivory coast: localization, propagation, and link with the stratospheric semi-annual oscillation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Atmosphere |
issn |
2073-4433 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Every day, about one thousand thunderstorms occur around the world, producing about 45 lightning flashes per second. One prominent infrasound station of the International Monitoring System infrasound network of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization for studying lightning activity is in Ivory Coast, where the lightning rate of this region is relatively high. Infrasound defines acoustic waves with frequencies below 20 Hz, the lower limit of human hearing. Statistical results are presented in this paper based on infrasound measurements from 2004 to 2019. One-to-one association between infrasound detections from 0.5 to 5 Hz and lightning flashes detected by the World Wide Lightning Location Network within 500 km from the infrasound station is systematically investigated. Most of the infrasound signals detected at IS17 in this frequency band are due to thunder, even if the thunderstorms are located up to 500 km away from the station. A decay of the thunder amplitude with the flash distance, <i>d</i>, is found to scale as <i>d</i><sup>−0.717</sup> for flashes within 100 km from the station, which holds for direct propagation. Interestingly, the stratospheric detections reflect a pattern in the annual azimuth variation, which is consistent with the equatorial stratospheric semi-annual oscillation. |
topic |
lightning thunder thunderstorm infrasound international monitoring system semi-annual oscillation |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/9/1188 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT thomasfarges infrasoundthunderdetectionsacross15yearsoverivorycoastlocalizationpropagationandlinkwiththestratosphericsemiannualoscillation AT patrickhupe infrasoundthunderdetectionsacross15yearsoverivorycoastlocalizationpropagationandlinkwiththestratosphericsemiannualoscillation AT alexislepichon infrasoundthunderdetectionsacross15yearsoverivorycoastlocalizationpropagationandlinkwiththestratosphericsemiannualoscillation AT larsceranna infrasoundthunderdetectionsacross15yearsoverivorycoastlocalizationpropagationandlinkwiththestratosphericsemiannualoscillation AT constantinolistowski infrasoundthunderdetectionsacross15yearsoverivorycoastlocalizationpropagationandlinkwiththestratosphericsemiannualoscillation AT adamadiawara infrasoundthunderdetectionsacross15yearsoverivorycoastlocalizationpropagationandlinkwiththestratosphericsemiannualoscillation |
_version_ |
1717368163142729728 |