Evaluation of Empirical and Machine Learning Algorithms for Estimation of Coastal Water Quality Parameters
Coastal waters are one of the most vulnerable resources that require effective monitoring programs. One of the key factors for effective coastal monitoring is the use of remote sensing technologies that significantly capture the spatiotemporal variability of coastal waters. Optical properties of coa...
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doaj-0ea8312e805b433785d0dfde9572cdf12020-11-24T21:53:03ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642017-11-0161136010.3390/ijgi6110360ijgi6110360Evaluation of Empirical and Machine Learning Algorithms for Estimation of Coastal Water Quality ParametersMajid Nazeer0Muhammad Bilal1Mohammad M. M. Alsahli2Muhammad Imran Shahzad3Ahmad Waqas4Earth & Atmospheric Remote Sensing Lab (EARL), Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45550, PakistanSchool of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaDepartment of Geography, College of Social Sciences, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, KuwaitEarth & Atmospheric Remote Sensing Lab (EARL), Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45550, PakistanEarth & Atmospheric Remote Sensing Lab (EARL), Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad 45550, PakistanCoastal waters are one of the most vulnerable resources that require effective monitoring programs. One of the key factors for effective coastal monitoring is the use of remote sensing technologies that significantly capture the spatiotemporal variability of coastal waters. Optical properties of coastal waters are strongly linked to components, such as colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and suspended solids (SS) concentrations, which are essential for the survival of a coastal ecosystem and usually independent of each other. Thus, developing effective remote sensing models to estimate these important water components based on optical properties of coastal waters is mandatory for a successful coastal monitoring program. This study attempted to evaluate the performance of empirical predictive models (EPM) and neural networks (NN)-based algorithms to estimate Chl-a and SS concentrations, in the coastal area of Hong Kong. Remotely-sensed data over a 13-year period was used to develop regional and local models to estimate Chl-a and SS over the entire Hong Kong waters and for each water class within the study area, respectively. The accuracy of regional models derived from EPM and NN in estimating Chl-a and SS was 83%, 93%, 78%, and 97%, respectively, whereas the accuracy of local models in estimating Chl-a and SS ranged from 60–94% and 81–94%, respectively. Both the regional and local NN models exhibited a higher performance than those models derived from empirical analysis. Thus, this study suggests using machine learning methods (i.e., NN) for the more accurate and efficient routine monitoring of coastal water quality parameters (i.e., Chl-a and SS concentrations) over the complex coastal area of Hong Kong and other similar coastal environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/11/360coastal waterswater quality modelingLandsatHJ-1 A/B CCD |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Majid Nazeer Muhammad Bilal Mohammad M. M. Alsahli Muhammad Imran Shahzad Ahmad Waqas |
spellingShingle |
Majid Nazeer Muhammad Bilal Mohammad M. M. Alsahli Muhammad Imran Shahzad Ahmad Waqas Evaluation of Empirical and Machine Learning Algorithms for Estimation of Coastal Water Quality Parameters ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information coastal waters water quality modeling Landsat HJ-1 A/B CCD |
author_facet |
Majid Nazeer Muhammad Bilal Mohammad M. M. Alsahli Muhammad Imran Shahzad Ahmad Waqas |
author_sort |
Majid Nazeer |
title |
Evaluation of Empirical and Machine Learning Algorithms for Estimation of Coastal Water Quality Parameters |
title_short |
Evaluation of Empirical and Machine Learning Algorithms for Estimation of Coastal Water Quality Parameters |
title_full |
Evaluation of Empirical and Machine Learning Algorithms for Estimation of Coastal Water Quality Parameters |
title_fullStr |
Evaluation of Empirical and Machine Learning Algorithms for Estimation of Coastal Water Quality Parameters |
title_full_unstemmed |
Evaluation of Empirical and Machine Learning Algorithms for Estimation of Coastal Water Quality Parameters |
title_sort |
evaluation of empirical and machine learning algorithms for estimation of coastal water quality parameters |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
issn |
2220-9964 |
publishDate |
2017-11-01 |
description |
Coastal waters are one of the most vulnerable resources that require effective monitoring programs. One of the key factors for effective coastal monitoring is the use of remote sensing technologies that significantly capture the spatiotemporal variability of coastal waters. Optical properties of coastal waters are strongly linked to components, such as colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), and suspended solids (SS) concentrations, which are essential for the survival of a coastal ecosystem and usually independent of each other. Thus, developing effective remote sensing models to estimate these important water components based on optical properties of coastal waters is mandatory for a successful coastal monitoring program. This study attempted to evaluate the performance of empirical predictive models (EPM) and neural networks (NN)-based algorithms to estimate Chl-a and SS concentrations, in the coastal area of Hong Kong. Remotely-sensed data over a 13-year period was used to develop regional and local models to estimate Chl-a and SS over the entire Hong Kong waters and for each water class within the study area, respectively. The accuracy of regional models derived from EPM and NN in estimating Chl-a and SS was 83%, 93%, 78%, and 97%, respectively, whereas the accuracy of local models in estimating Chl-a and SS ranged from 60–94% and 81–94%, respectively. Both the regional and local NN models exhibited a higher performance than those models derived from empirical analysis. Thus, this study suggests using machine learning methods (i.e., NN) for the more accurate and efficient routine monitoring of coastal water quality parameters (i.e., Chl-a and SS concentrations) over the complex coastal area of Hong Kong and other similar coastal environments. |
topic |
coastal waters water quality modeling Landsat HJ-1 A/B CCD |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/6/11/360 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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