| Summary: | Palynology is a tool in retrospective studies related to climatic and environmental changes and to the human influence on the landscape in historical times. Pollen analyses of cores obtained from the Baía de Sepetiba , from lakes of the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro and recently of sediments from the basin of the rio Guandu, from the praia Vermelha/Urca beach and from the bottom of the Baía de Guanabara were realized. Drier and wetter climatic periods could be detected corresponding to a variable development of the rain forest, the semideciduous forest, the vegetation of “restinga”, savannas and wetlands. Human activities and changes of the environment related to changes of the vegetation in historical times were confirmed.
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