Spatiotemporal variations of air pollutants (O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, CO, PM<sub>10</sub>, and VOCs) with land-use types
The spatiotemporal variations of surface air pollutants (O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and PM<sub>10</sub>) with four land-use types, residence (R), commerce (C), industry (I) and greenbelt (G), have been investigated at 283 statio...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2015-09-01
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Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/10857/2015/acp-15-10857-2015.pdf |
Summary: | The spatiotemporal variations of surface air pollutants (O<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>,
SO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and PM<sub>10</sub>) with four land-use types, residence (R),
commerce (C), industry (I) and greenbelt (G), have been investigated at 283
stations in South Korea during 2002–2013, using routinely observed data. The
volatile organic compound (VOC) data at nine photochemical pollutant
monitoring stations available since 2007 were utilized in order to examine
their effect on the ozone chemistry. The land-use types, set by the Korean
government, were generally consistent with the satellite-derived land covers
and with the previous result showing anti-correlation between O<sub>3</sub> and
NO<sub>2</sub> in diverse urban areas. The relationship between the two pollutants
in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) residence land-use areas was
substantially different from that outside of the SMA, probably due to the
local differences in vehicle emissions. The highest concentrations of air
pollutants in the diurnal, weekly, and annual cycles were found in industry
for SO<sub>2</sub> and PMPM<sub>10</sub>, in commerce for NO<sub>2</sub> and CO, and in greenbelt
for O<sub>3</sub>. The concentrations of air pollutants, except for O<sub>3</sub>, were
generally higher in big cities during weekdays, while O<sub>3</sub> showed its peak
in suburban areas or small cities during weekends. The weekly cycle and
trends of O<sub>3</sub> were significantly out of phase with those of NO<sub>2</sub>,
particularly in the residential and commercial areas, suggesting that vehicle
emission was a major source in those areas. The ratios of VOCs to NO<sub>2</sub>
for each of the land-use types were in the order of I (10.2) > C
(8.7) > G (3.9) > R (3.6), suggesting that most areas in South Korea
were likely to be VOC-limited for ozone chemistry. The pollutants (NO<sub>2</sub>,
SO<sub>2</sub>, CO, and PMPM<sub>10</sub> except for O<sub>3</sub> have decreased, most likely
due to the effective government control. The total oxidant values (OX =
O<sub>3</sub> + NO<sub>2</sub>) with the land-use types were analyzed for the local and
regional (or background) contributions of O<sub>3</sub>, respectively, and the
order of OX (ppb) was C (57.4) > R (53.6) > I (50.7) > G (45.4),
indicating the greenbelt observation was close to the background. |
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ISSN: | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |