Genetic and demographic history define a conservation strategy for earth’s most endangered pinniped, the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus
Abstract The Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) is a flagship species for marine conservation, but important aspects of its life history remain unknown. Concerns over imminent extinction motivated a nuclear DNA study of the species in its largest continuous subpopulation in the eastern Medi...
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doaj-0fd0c59c63a54135b896dac864e879b92021-01-17T12:43:01ZengNature Publishing GroupScientific Reports2045-23222021-01-0111111010.1038/s41598-020-79712-1Genetic and demographic history define a conservation strategy for earth’s most endangered pinniped, the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachusAlexandros A. Karamanlidis0Tomaž Skrbinšek1George Amato2Panagiotis Dendrinos3Stephen Gaughran4Panagiotis Kasapidis5Alexander Kopatz6Astrid Vik Stronen7MOm/Hellenic Society for the Study and Protection of the Monk SealDepartment of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaSackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural HistoryMOm/Hellenic Society for the Study and Protection of the Monk SealSackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural HistoryInstitute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine ResearchNorwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA)Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaAbstract The Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) is a flagship species for marine conservation, but important aspects of its life history remain unknown. Concerns over imminent extinction motivated a nuclear DNA study of the species in its largest continuous subpopulation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Despite recent evidence of partial subpopulation recovery, we demonstrate that there is no reason for complacency, as the species still shares several traits that are characteristic of a critically endangered species: Mediterranean monk seals in the eastern Mediterranean survive in three isolated and genetically depauperate population clusters, with small effective population sizes and high levels of inbreeding. Our results indicated male philopatry over short distances, which is unexpected for a polygynous mammal. Such a pattern may be explained by the species’ unique breeding behavior, in which males defend aquatic territories near breeding sites, while females are often forced to search for new pupping areas. Immediate action is necessary to reverse the downward spiral of population decline, inbreeding accumulation and loss of genetic diversity. We propose concrete conservation measures for the Mediterranean monk seal focusing on reducing anthropogenic threats, increasing the population size and genetic diversity, and thus improving the long-term prospects of survival.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79712-1 |
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language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Alexandros A. Karamanlidis Tomaž Skrbinšek George Amato Panagiotis Dendrinos Stephen Gaughran Panagiotis Kasapidis Alexander Kopatz Astrid Vik Stronen |
spellingShingle |
Alexandros A. Karamanlidis Tomaž Skrbinšek George Amato Panagiotis Dendrinos Stephen Gaughran Panagiotis Kasapidis Alexander Kopatz Astrid Vik Stronen Genetic and demographic history define a conservation strategy for earth’s most endangered pinniped, the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus Scientific Reports |
author_facet |
Alexandros A. Karamanlidis Tomaž Skrbinšek George Amato Panagiotis Dendrinos Stephen Gaughran Panagiotis Kasapidis Alexander Kopatz Astrid Vik Stronen |
author_sort |
Alexandros A. Karamanlidis |
title |
Genetic and demographic history define a conservation strategy for earth’s most endangered pinniped, the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus |
title_short |
Genetic and demographic history define a conservation strategy for earth’s most endangered pinniped, the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus |
title_full |
Genetic and demographic history define a conservation strategy for earth’s most endangered pinniped, the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus |
title_fullStr |
Genetic and demographic history define a conservation strategy for earth’s most endangered pinniped, the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genetic and demographic history define a conservation strategy for earth’s most endangered pinniped, the Mediterranean monk seal Monachus monachus |
title_sort |
genetic and demographic history define a conservation strategy for earth’s most endangered pinniped, the mediterranean monk seal monachus monachus |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
series |
Scientific Reports |
issn |
2045-2322 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
Abstract The Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) is a flagship species for marine conservation, but important aspects of its life history remain unknown. Concerns over imminent extinction motivated a nuclear DNA study of the species in its largest continuous subpopulation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Despite recent evidence of partial subpopulation recovery, we demonstrate that there is no reason for complacency, as the species still shares several traits that are characteristic of a critically endangered species: Mediterranean monk seals in the eastern Mediterranean survive in three isolated and genetically depauperate population clusters, with small effective population sizes and high levels of inbreeding. Our results indicated male philopatry over short distances, which is unexpected for a polygynous mammal. Such a pattern may be explained by the species’ unique breeding behavior, in which males defend aquatic territories near breeding sites, while females are often forced to search for new pupping areas. Immediate action is necessary to reverse the downward spiral of population decline, inbreeding accumulation and loss of genetic diversity. We propose concrete conservation measures for the Mediterranean monk seal focusing on reducing anthropogenic threats, increasing the population size and genetic diversity, and thus improving the long-term prospects of survival. |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79712-1 |
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