Costs and Carbon Sequestration Assessment for REDD+ in Indonesia
Research Highlights: Our findings highlight that the contribution of carbon sequestration from plantations to REDD+ will remain limited, and that opportunity costs in Southeast Asia will likely increase, due to future oil palm expansion. Background and Objectives: Land use, land-use change, and fore...
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doaj-10b3ebf8748f4eccbf36a0ccec03e8132020-11-25T03:33:42ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072020-07-011177077010.3390/f11070770Costs and Carbon Sequestration Assessment for REDD+ in IndonesiaGuifang Liu0Qing Liu1Mengxiao Song2Junsheng Chen3Chuanrong Zhang4Xing Meng5Jincai Zhao6Heli Lu7Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, ChinaCollege of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, ChinaCollege of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, ChinaCollege of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, ChinaDepartment of Geography and Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4148, USAKey Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, ChinaSchool of Business, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, ChinaKey Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions (Henan University), Ministry of Education, Kaifeng 475004, ChinaResearch Highlights: Our findings highlight that the contribution of carbon sequestration from plantations to REDD+ will remain limited, and that opportunity costs in Southeast Asia will likely increase, due to future oil palm expansion. Background and Objectives: Land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) are significant sources of carbon emissions. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agreed that the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus program, also known as REDD+, could contribute to carbon sinks in tropical regions. These reductions could serve as carbon credits that offset emissions from other sources. Materials and Methods: This study uses the cellular automaton technique to simulate the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario and the gain-loss method, to measure carbon emissions resulting from forest conversion. The output of the integration of the models makes it possible to evaluate one of the most important financial costs: opportunity costs. Two scenarios (with and without consideration of carbon sequestration) in rubber and oil palm plantations are examined. Results: A sensitivity assessment in Kalimantan, Indonesia, shows that carbon sequestration from plantations affects value of opportunity costs less than social discount rates. Further analysis suggests that oil palm plantations have a greater impact than rubber plantations. Conclusions: Our study provides a case that can be applied to other regions for evaluating the impacts of plantation carbon sequestration, and insights that can help local policymakers design a financially attractive REDD+ program in other forest areas of the world.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/7/770REDD+ programopportunity costscarbon sequestration |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Guifang Liu Qing Liu Mengxiao Song Junsheng Chen Chuanrong Zhang Xing Meng Jincai Zhao Heli Lu |
spellingShingle |
Guifang Liu Qing Liu Mengxiao Song Junsheng Chen Chuanrong Zhang Xing Meng Jincai Zhao Heli Lu Costs and Carbon Sequestration Assessment for REDD+ in Indonesia Forests REDD+ program opportunity costs carbon sequestration |
author_facet |
Guifang Liu Qing Liu Mengxiao Song Junsheng Chen Chuanrong Zhang Xing Meng Jincai Zhao Heli Lu |
author_sort |
Guifang Liu |
title |
Costs and Carbon Sequestration Assessment for REDD+ in Indonesia |
title_short |
Costs and Carbon Sequestration Assessment for REDD+ in Indonesia |
title_full |
Costs and Carbon Sequestration Assessment for REDD+ in Indonesia |
title_fullStr |
Costs and Carbon Sequestration Assessment for REDD+ in Indonesia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Costs and Carbon Sequestration Assessment for REDD+ in Indonesia |
title_sort |
costs and carbon sequestration assessment for redd+ in indonesia |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Forests |
issn |
1999-4907 |
publishDate |
2020-07-01 |
description |
Research Highlights: Our findings highlight that the contribution of carbon sequestration from plantations to REDD+ will remain limited, and that opportunity costs in Southeast Asia will likely increase, due to future oil palm expansion. Background and Objectives: Land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) are significant sources of carbon emissions. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) agreed that the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus program, also known as REDD+, could contribute to carbon sinks in tropical regions. These reductions could serve as carbon credits that offset emissions from other sources. Materials and Methods: This study uses the cellular automaton technique to simulate the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario and the gain-loss method, to measure carbon emissions resulting from forest conversion. The output of the integration of the models makes it possible to evaluate one of the most important financial costs: opportunity costs. Two scenarios (with and without consideration of carbon sequestration) in rubber and oil palm plantations are examined. Results: A sensitivity assessment in Kalimantan, Indonesia, shows that carbon sequestration from plantations affects value of opportunity costs less than social discount rates. Further analysis suggests that oil palm plantations have a greater impact than rubber plantations. Conclusions: Our study provides a case that can be applied to other regions for evaluating the impacts of plantation carbon sequestration, and insights that can help local policymakers design a financially attractive REDD+ program in other forest areas of the world. |
topic |
REDD+ program opportunity costs carbon sequestration |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/7/770 |
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