Environmental Effects on Normalized Gross Primary Productivity in Beech and Norway Spruce Forests
The strong effects of climate change are expected to negatively impact the long-term resilience and function of forest ecosystems, which could lead to changes in forest carbon balance and productivity. However, these forest responses may vary with local conditions and forest types. Accordingly, this...
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doaj-10b791bc3fdb4fd38e4d9b1ad5255d6a2021-09-25T23:43:12ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332021-09-01121128112810.3390/atmos12091128Environmental Effects on Normalized Gross Primary Productivity in Beech and Norway Spruce ForestsCaleb Mensah0Ladislav Šigut1Milan Fischer2Lenka Foltýnová3Georg Jocher4Otmar Urban5Cosmos Senyo Wemegah6Emmanuel K. Nyantakyi7Shilpi Chawla8Marian Pavelka9Michal V. Marek10Global Change Research Institute CAS, Bĕlidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech RepublicGlobal Change Research Institute CAS, Bĕlidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech RepublicGlobal Change Research Institute CAS, Bĕlidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech RepublicGlobal Change Research Institute CAS, Bĕlidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech RepublicGlobal Change Research Institute CAS, Bĕlidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech RepublicGlobal Change Research Institute CAS, Bĕlidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech RepublicEarth Observation Research and Innovation Centre, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani P.O. Box 214, GhanaEarth Observation Research and Innovation Centre, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani P.O. Box 214, GhanaGlobal Change Research Institute CAS, Bĕlidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech RepublicGlobal Change Research Institute CAS, Bĕlidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech RepublicGlobal Change Research Institute CAS, Bĕlidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech RepublicThe strong effects of climate change are expected to negatively impact the long-term resilience and function of forest ecosystems, which could lead to changes in forest carbon balance and productivity. However, these forest responses may vary with local conditions and forest types. Accordingly, this study was carried out to determine gross primary productivity (GPP) sensitivity to changes in environmental parameters. Central European beech (at Štítná) and spruce species (at Bílý Kr̆íz̆ and Rájec), growing under contrasting climatic conditions, were studied. The comparative analyses of GPP were based on a five-year-long dataset of eddy covariance fluxes during the main growing season (2012–2016). Results of forest GPP responses with changes in environmental factors from a traditional Stepwise multiple linear regression model (SMLR) were used and compared with Random forest (RF) analyses. To demonstrate how actual GPP trends compare to potential GPP (GPP<sub>pot</sub>) courses expected under near-optimal environmental conditions, we computed normalized GPP (GPP<sub>norm</sub>) with values between 0 and 1 as the ratio of the estimated daily sum of GPP to GPP<sub>pot</sub>. The study confirmed the well-known effect of total intensity of the photosynthetically active radiation and its diffuse fraction on GPP<sub>norm</sub> across all the forest types. However, the study also showed the secondary effects of other environmental variables on forest productivity depending on the species and local climatic conditions. The reduction in forest productivity at the beech forest in Štítná was presumed to be mainly induced by edaphic drought (anisohydric behaviour). In contrast, reduced forest productivity at the spruce forest sites was presumably induced by both meteorological and hydrological drought events, especially at the moderately dry climate in Rájec. Overall, our analyses call for more studies on forest productivity across different forest types and contrasting climatic conditions, as this productivity is strongly dependent on species type and site-specific environmental conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/9/1128eddy covarianceEuropean beechNorway sprucepotential GPPnormalizedregression modeling |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Caleb Mensah Ladislav Šigut Milan Fischer Lenka Foltýnová Georg Jocher Otmar Urban Cosmos Senyo Wemegah Emmanuel K. Nyantakyi Shilpi Chawla Marian Pavelka Michal V. Marek |
spellingShingle |
Caleb Mensah Ladislav Šigut Milan Fischer Lenka Foltýnová Georg Jocher Otmar Urban Cosmos Senyo Wemegah Emmanuel K. Nyantakyi Shilpi Chawla Marian Pavelka Michal V. Marek Environmental Effects on Normalized Gross Primary Productivity in Beech and Norway Spruce Forests Atmosphere eddy covariance European beech Norway spruce potential GPP normalized regression modeling |
author_facet |
Caleb Mensah Ladislav Šigut Milan Fischer Lenka Foltýnová Georg Jocher Otmar Urban Cosmos Senyo Wemegah Emmanuel K. Nyantakyi Shilpi Chawla Marian Pavelka Michal V. Marek |
author_sort |
Caleb Mensah |
title |
Environmental Effects on Normalized Gross Primary Productivity in Beech and Norway Spruce Forests |
title_short |
Environmental Effects on Normalized Gross Primary Productivity in Beech and Norway Spruce Forests |
title_full |
Environmental Effects on Normalized Gross Primary Productivity in Beech and Norway Spruce Forests |
title_fullStr |
Environmental Effects on Normalized Gross Primary Productivity in Beech and Norway Spruce Forests |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental Effects on Normalized Gross Primary Productivity in Beech and Norway Spruce Forests |
title_sort |
environmental effects on normalized gross primary productivity in beech and norway spruce forests |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Atmosphere |
issn |
2073-4433 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
The strong effects of climate change are expected to negatively impact the long-term resilience and function of forest ecosystems, which could lead to changes in forest carbon balance and productivity. However, these forest responses may vary with local conditions and forest types. Accordingly, this study was carried out to determine gross primary productivity (GPP) sensitivity to changes in environmental parameters. Central European beech (at Štítná) and spruce species (at Bílý Kr̆íz̆ and Rájec), growing under contrasting climatic conditions, were studied. The comparative analyses of GPP were based on a five-year-long dataset of eddy covariance fluxes during the main growing season (2012–2016). Results of forest GPP responses with changes in environmental factors from a traditional Stepwise multiple linear regression model (SMLR) were used and compared with Random forest (RF) analyses. To demonstrate how actual GPP trends compare to potential GPP (GPP<sub>pot</sub>) courses expected under near-optimal environmental conditions, we computed normalized GPP (GPP<sub>norm</sub>) with values between 0 and 1 as the ratio of the estimated daily sum of GPP to GPP<sub>pot</sub>. The study confirmed the well-known effect of total intensity of the photosynthetically active radiation and its diffuse fraction on GPP<sub>norm</sub> across all the forest types. However, the study also showed the secondary effects of other environmental variables on forest productivity depending on the species and local climatic conditions. The reduction in forest productivity at the beech forest in Štítná was presumed to be mainly induced by edaphic drought (anisohydric behaviour). In contrast, reduced forest productivity at the spruce forest sites was presumably induced by both meteorological and hydrological drought events, especially at the moderately dry climate in Rájec. Overall, our analyses call for more studies on forest productivity across different forest types and contrasting climatic conditions, as this productivity is strongly dependent on species type and site-specific environmental conditions. |
topic |
eddy covariance European beech Norway spruce potential GPP normalized regression modeling |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/9/1128 |
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