New Insights into the Role of Tyro3, Axl, and Mer Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints. Among several pathogenic mechanisms, the impairment of homeostatic regulators of inflammation seems to be critically important to sustain persistent infiltration and activation of immune and stroma...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Hindawi Limited
2020-01-01
|
Series: | Disease Markers |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1614627 |
id |
doaj-10ff61ec1a584af5aa35e0ec66b84c67 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-10ff61ec1a584af5aa35e0ec66b84c672020-11-25T00:11:19ZengHindawi LimitedDisease Markers0278-02401875-86302020-01-01202010.1155/2020/16146271614627New Insights into the Role of Tyro3, Axl, and Mer Receptors in Rheumatoid ArthritisSara Pagani0Mattia Bellan1Daniele Mauro2Luigi Mario Castello3Gian Carlo Avanzi4Myles J. Lewis5Pier Paolo Sainaghi6Costantino Pitzalis7Alessandra Nerviani8Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UKDepartment of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, ItalyCentre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UKDepartment of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, ItalyDepartment of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, ItalyCentre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UKDepartment of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Novara, ItalyCentre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UKCentre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UKRheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints. Among several pathogenic mechanisms, the impairment of homeostatic regulators of inflammation seems to be critically important to sustain persistent infiltration and activation of immune and stromal cells within the diseased synovium. Tyrosine kinase receptors Tyro3, Axl, and Mer are members of the TAM family. Upon binding their ligands Growth Arrest-Specific gene 6 (Gas6) and Protein S (ProS1), TAM receptors (TAMs) exert numerous and diverse biologic functions. Activated Axl and Mer, for instance, can negatively regulate the inflammatory cascade and mediate phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, contributing to prevent the development of autoimmunity. Thus, a role for TAMs has been hypothesized in RA. In this review, we will summarise unmet clinical needs in RA, depict the biology of TAMs and TAM ligands, focussing on their ability to regulate the immune system and inflammation cascade, and finally offer an overview of the state-of-the-art literature about the putative role of TAM axis in RA.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1614627 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Sara Pagani Mattia Bellan Daniele Mauro Luigi Mario Castello Gian Carlo Avanzi Myles J. Lewis Pier Paolo Sainaghi Costantino Pitzalis Alessandra Nerviani |
spellingShingle |
Sara Pagani Mattia Bellan Daniele Mauro Luigi Mario Castello Gian Carlo Avanzi Myles J. Lewis Pier Paolo Sainaghi Costantino Pitzalis Alessandra Nerviani New Insights into the Role of Tyro3, Axl, and Mer Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Markers |
author_facet |
Sara Pagani Mattia Bellan Daniele Mauro Luigi Mario Castello Gian Carlo Avanzi Myles J. Lewis Pier Paolo Sainaghi Costantino Pitzalis Alessandra Nerviani |
author_sort |
Sara Pagani |
title |
New Insights into the Role of Tyro3, Axl, and Mer Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
title_short |
New Insights into the Role of Tyro3, Axl, and Mer Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
title_full |
New Insights into the Role of Tyro3, Axl, and Mer Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
title_fullStr |
New Insights into the Role of Tyro3, Axl, and Mer Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
title_full_unstemmed |
New Insights into the Role of Tyro3, Axl, and Mer Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis |
title_sort |
new insights into the role of tyro3, axl, and mer receptors in rheumatoid arthritis |
publisher |
Hindawi Limited |
series |
Disease Markers |
issn |
0278-0240 1875-8630 |
publishDate |
2020-01-01 |
description |
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints. Among several pathogenic mechanisms, the impairment of homeostatic regulators of inflammation seems to be critically important to sustain persistent infiltration and activation of immune and stromal cells within the diseased synovium. Tyrosine kinase receptors Tyro3, Axl, and Mer are members of the TAM family. Upon binding their ligands Growth Arrest-Specific gene 6 (Gas6) and Protein S (ProS1), TAM receptors (TAMs) exert numerous and diverse biologic functions. Activated Axl and Mer, for instance, can negatively regulate the inflammatory cascade and mediate phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, contributing to prevent the development of autoimmunity. Thus, a role for TAMs has been hypothesized in RA. In this review, we will summarise unmet clinical needs in RA, depict the biology of TAMs and TAM ligands, focussing on their ability to regulate the immune system and inflammation cascade, and finally offer an overview of the state-of-the-art literature about the putative role of TAM axis in RA. |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1614627 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sarapagani newinsightsintotheroleoftyro3axlandmerreceptorsinrheumatoidarthritis AT mattiabellan newinsightsintotheroleoftyro3axlandmerreceptorsinrheumatoidarthritis AT danielemauro newinsightsintotheroleoftyro3axlandmerreceptorsinrheumatoidarthritis AT luigimariocastello newinsightsintotheroleoftyro3axlandmerreceptorsinrheumatoidarthritis AT giancarloavanzi newinsightsintotheroleoftyro3axlandmerreceptorsinrheumatoidarthritis AT mylesjlewis newinsightsintotheroleoftyro3axlandmerreceptorsinrheumatoidarthritis AT pierpaolosainaghi newinsightsintotheroleoftyro3axlandmerreceptorsinrheumatoidarthritis AT costantinopitzalis newinsightsintotheroleoftyro3axlandmerreceptorsinrheumatoidarthritis AT alessandranerviani newinsightsintotheroleoftyro3axlandmerreceptorsinrheumatoidarthritis |
_version_ |
1716211969797652480 |