Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer
Determination of the thermal characteristics and temperature-dependent rheological properties of the magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) is of paramount importance particularly with regards to MRE applications. Hitherto, a paucity of temperature dependent analysis has been conducted by MRE research...
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doaj-11435816afe245d3802558e677b7e6c32020-11-25T01:11:21ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-02-0120374610.3390/ijms20030746ijms20030746Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological ElastomerNurul Azhani Yunus0Saiful Amri Mazlan1Ubaidillah2Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz3Salihah Tan Shilan4Nurul Ain Abdul Wahab5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, MalaysiaAdvanced Vehicle System Laboratory, Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Kentingan, Surakarta, 57126 Surakarta, IndonesiaAdvanced Vehicle System Laboratory, Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaAdvanced Vehicle System Laboratory, Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaAdvanced Vehicle System Laboratory, Malaysia–Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDetermination of the thermal characteristics and temperature-dependent rheological properties of the magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) is of paramount importance particularly with regards to MRE applications. Hitherto, a paucity of temperature dependent analysis has been conducted by MRE researchers. In this study, an investigation on the thermal and rheological properties of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)-based MREs was performed. Various percentages of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) were blended with the ENR compound using a two roll-mill for the preparation of the ENR-based MRE samples. The morphological, elemental, and thermal analyses were performed before the rheological test. Several characterizations, as well as the effects of the strain amplitude, temperature, and magnetic field on the rheological properties of ENR-based MRE samples, were evaluated. The micrographs and elemental results were well-correlated regarding the CIP and Fe contents, and a uniform distribution of CIPs was achieved. The results of the thermal test indicated that the incorporation of CIPs enhanced the thermal stability of the ENR-based MREs. Based on the rheological analysis, the storage modulus and loss factor were dependent on the CIP content and strain amplitude. The effect of temperature on the rheological properties revealed that the stiffness of the ENR-based MREs was considered stable, and they were appropriate to be employed in the MRE devices exposed to high temperatures above 45 °C.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/3/746magnetorheological elastomersepoxidized natural rubberthermal propertiesthermal stabilityrheological properties |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nurul Azhani Yunus Saiful Amri Mazlan Ubaidillah Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz Salihah Tan Shilan Nurul Ain Abdul Wahab |
spellingShingle |
Nurul Azhani Yunus Saiful Amri Mazlan Ubaidillah Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz Salihah Tan Shilan Nurul Ain Abdul Wahab Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer International Journal of Molecular Sciences magnetorheological elastomers epoxidized natural rubber thermal properties thermal stability rheological properties |
author_facet |
Nurul Azhani Yunus Saiful Amri Mazlan Ubaidillah Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz Salihah Tan Shilan Nurul Ain Abdul Wahab |
author_sort |
Nurul Azhani Yunus |
title |
Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer |
title_short |
Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer |
title_full |
Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer |
title_fullStr |
Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer |
title_sort |
thermal stability and rheological properties of epoxidized natural rubber-based magnetorheological elastomer |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2019-02-01 |
description |
Determination of the thermal characteristics and temperature-dependent rheological properties of the magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) is of paramount importance particularly with regards to MRE applications. Hitherto, a paucity of temperature dependent analysis has been conducted by MRE researchers. In this study, an investigation on the thermal and rheological properties of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)-based MREs was performed. Various percentages of carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) were blended with the ENR compound using a two roll-mill for the preparation of the ENR-based MRE samples. The morphological, elemental, and thermal analyses were performed before the rheological test. Several characterizations, as well as the effects of the strain amplitude, temperature, and magnetic field on the rheological properties of ENR-based MRE samples, were evaluated. The micrographs and elemental results were well-correlated regarding the CIP and Fe contents, and a uniform distribution of CIPs was achieved. The results of the thermal test indicated that the incorporation of CIPs enhanced the thermal stability of the ENR-based MREs. Based on the rheological analysis, the storage modulus and loss factor were dependent on the CIP content and strain amplitude. The effect of temperature on the rheological properties revealed that the stiffness of the ENR-based MREs was considered stable, and they were appropriate to be employed in the MRE devices exposed to high temperatures above 45 °C. |
topic |
magnetorheological elastomers epoxidized natural rubber thermal properties thermal stability rheological properties |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/3/746 |
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