Stripping mechanisms and remediation for H^{-} beams
Negative hydrogen ions are often used for injecting protons from linacs to storage rings via charge-exchange injection. In this process, the two electrons are stripped by a foil or laser to produce protons which can be merged with an existing beam without significantly affecting its dynamics, allowi...
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American Physical Society
2021-07-01
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Series: | Physical Review Accelerators and Beams |
Online Access: | http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.074201 |
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doaj-1257f25c28224b7f86a31eabdea5b2062021-07-29T18:15:12ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review Accelerators and Beams2469-98882021-07-0124707420110.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.074201Stripping mechanisms and remediation for H^{-} beamsB. T. FolsomM. EshraqiN. Blaskovic KraljevicB. GålnanderNegative hydrogen ions are often used for injecting protons from linacs to storage rings via charge-exchange injection. In this process, the two electrons are stripped by a foil or laser to produce protons which can be merged with an existing beam without significantly affecting its dynamics, allowing high intensities of protons to be accumulated. However, this capability comes with the drawback that the outer electron of an H^{-} ion has a low binding energy and can easily be stripped away prior to injection. This paper addresses the following stripping mechanisms: interactions with residual gas in the beam pipe, blackbody radiation from accelerator components, and electromagnetic fields from accelerator optics (Lorentz-force stripping) and particles within the bunch itself (intrabeam stripping); with a discussion on how to avoid excessive activation from stripped H^{0} particles and protons. We also demonstrate that the proportion of stripped H^{0} colliding with a nearby beam pipe or machine-element walls presents only roughly 10% of those lost in stripping; the remaining stripped particles traverse to the end of a linac or local straight section, which may relax the limits for allowable stripping-based beam loss in H^{-} accelerators.http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.074201 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
B. T. Folsom M. Eshraqi N. Blaskovic Kraljevic B. Gålnander |
spellingShingle |
B. T. Folsom M. Eshraqi N. Blaskovic Kraljevic B. Gålnander Stripping mechanisms and remediation for H^{-} beams Physical Review Accelerators and Beams |
author_facet |
B. T. Folsom M. Eshraqi N. Blaskovic Kraljevic B. Gålnander |
author_sort |
B. T. Folsom |
title |
Stripping mechanisms and remediation for H^{-} beams |
title_short |
Stripping mechanisms and remediation for H^{-} beams |
title_full |
Stripping mechanisms and remediation for H^{-} beams |
title_fullStr |
Stripping mechanisms and remediation for H^{-} beams |
title_full_unstemmed |
Stripping mechanisms and remediation for H^{-} beams |
title_sort |
stripping mechanisms and remediation for h^{-} beams |
publisher |
American Physical Society |
series |
Physical Review Accelerators and Beams |
issn |
2469-9888 |
publishDate |
2021-07-01 |
description |
Negative hydrogen ions are often used for injecting protons from linacs to storage rings via charge-exchange injection. In this process, the two electrons are stripped by a foil or laser to produce protons which can be merged with an existing beam without significantly affecting its dynamics, allowing high intensities of protons to be accumulated. However, this capability comes with the drawback that the outer electron of an H^{-} ion has a low binding energy and can easily be stripped away prior to injection. This paper addresses the following stripping mechanisms: interactions with residual gas in the beam pipe, blackbody radiation from accelerator components, and electromagnetic fields from accelerator optics (Lorentz-force stripping) and particles within the bunch itself (intrabeam stripping); with a discussion on how to avoid excessive activation from stripped H^{0} particles and protons. We also demonstrate that the proportion of stripped H^{0} colliding with a nearby beam pipe or machine-element walls presents only roughly 10% of those lost in stripping; the remaining stripped particles traverse to the end of a linac or local straight section, which may relax the limits for allowable stripping-based beam loss in H^{-} accelerators. |
url |
http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.074201 |
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AT btfolsom strippingmechanismsandremediationforhbeams AT meshraqi strippingmechanismsandremediationforhbeams AT nblaskovickraljevic strippingmechanismsandremediationforhbeams AT bgalnander strippingmechanismsandremediationforhbeams |
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