Commercial Bee Pollen with Different Geographical Origins: A Comprehensive Approach
Since the primordial of humanity, pollen has been considered a good source of nutrients and energy. Its promising healing properties have also been referred to. The present study aimed to characterize, for the first time, eight commercial pollens from Portugal and Spain available on the market study...
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doaj-12b68dab1f444715885c5bd7c212ac612020-11-25T01:58:31ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672012-09-01139111731118710.3390/ijms130911173Commercial Bee Pollen with Different Geographical Origins: A Comprehensive ApproachLeticia M. EstevinhoXesus FeásCarla NogueiraAntonio IglesiasSince the primordial of humanity, pollen has been considered a good source of nutrients and energy. Its promising healing properties have also been referred to. The present study aimed to characterize, for the first time, eight commercial pollens from Portugal and Spain available on the market studying the legislation on labeling, pollinic origin, physicochemical and microbiological analyses and identification of yeasts. Eleven botanical families were found amongst the samples. The most abundant family and the most dominant pollen was Cistaceae. The moisture content, ash, aw, pH, reducing sugars, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and energy were analyzed and the specific parameters were within the specifications required by some countries with legislation regarding these parameters. Microbiologically commercial pollen showed acceptable safety for the commercial quality and hygiene. All samples showed negative results for toxigenic species. The microorganisms studied were aerobic mesophiles, yeasts and moulds, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and sulfite-reducing Clostridium. During the work, six yeasts species were isolated from pollen, with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa being the most abundant, as it was present in four samples.http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/13/9/11173bee pollenmicrobiological characterizationphysicochemical characterizationpollinic analysislabeling rules |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Leticia M. Estevinho Xesus Feás Carla Nogueira Antonio Iglesias |
spellingShingle |
Leticia M. Estevinho Xesus Feás Carla Nogueira Antonio Iglesias Commercial Bee Pollen with Different Geographical Origins: A Comprehensive Approach International Journal of Molecular Sciences bee pollen microbiological characterization physicochemical characterization pollinic analysis labeling rules |
author_facet |
Leticia M. Estevinho Xesus Feás Carla Nogueira Antonio Iglesias |
author_sort |
Leticia M. Estevinho |
title |
Commercial Bee Pollen with Different Geographical Origins: A Comprehensive Approach |
title_short |
Commercial Bee Pollen with Different Geographical Origins: A Comprehensive Approach |
title_full |
Commercial Bee Pollen with Different Geographical Origins: A Comprehensive Approach |
title_fullStr |
Commercial Bee Pollen with Different Geographical Origins: A Comprehensive Approach |
title_full_unstemmed |
Commercial Bee Pollen with Different Geographical Origins: A Comprehensive Approach |
title_sort |
commercial bee pollen with different geographical origins: a comprehensive approach |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2012-09-01 |
description |
Since the primordial of humanity, pollen has been considered a good source of nutrients and energy. Its promising healing properties have also been referred to. The present study aimed to characterize, for the first time, eight commercial pollens from Portugal and Spain available on the market studying the legislation on labeling, pollinic origin, physicochemical and microbiological analyses and identification of yeasts. Eleven botanical families were found amongst the samples. The most abundant family and the most dominant pollen was Cistaceae. The moisture content, ash, aw, pH, reducing sugars, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and energy were analyzed and the specific parameters were within the specifications required by some countries with legislation regarding these parameters. Microbiologically commercial pollen showed acceptable safety for the commercial quality and hygiene. All samples showed negative results for toxigenic species. The microorganisms studied were aerobic mesophiles, yeasts and moulds, coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and sulfite-reducing Clostridium. During the work, six yeasts species were isolated from pollen, with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa being the most abundant, as it was present in four samples. |
topic |
bee pollen microbiological characterization physicochemical characterization pollinic analysis labeling rules |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/13/9/11173 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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