Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Neuroblastoma: Present, Past and Future
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor with a heterogeneous clinical course, ranging from spontaneous regression to metastatic disease and death, irrespective of intensive chemotherapeutic regimen. On the basis of several parameters, children affected by neuroblastoma ar...
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doaj-12dcf2242f404d3fb06b994d221243302021-01-14T00:00:58ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-01-019434310.3390/vaccines9010043Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Neuroblastoma: Present, Past and FutureFabio Morandi0Federica Sabatini1Marina Podestà2Irma Airoldi3Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Istituto Giannina Gaslini (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS), Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, ItalyLaboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Istituto Giannina Gaslini (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS), Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, ItalyLaboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Istituto Giannina Gaslini (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS), Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, ItalyLaboratorio Cellule Staminali Post-Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Istituto Giannina Gaslini (Istituto di Ricerca e Cura a Carattere Scientifico—IRCCS), Via G. Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, ItalyNeuroblastoma is the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor with a heterogeneous clinical course, ranging from spontaneous regression to metastatic disease and death, irrespective of intensive chemotherapeutic regimen. On the basis of several parameters, children affected by neuroblastoma are stratified into low, intermediate and high risk. At present, more than 50% of high-risk patients with metastatic spread display an overall poor long-term outcome also complicated by devastating long-term morbidities. Thus, novel and more effective therapies are desperately needed to improve lifespan of high-risk patients. In this regard, adoptive cell therapy holds great promise and several clinical trials are ongoing, demonstrating safety and tolerability, with no toxicities. Starting from the immunological and clinical features of neuroblastoma, we here discuss the immunotherapeutic approaches currently adopted for high-risk patients and different innovative therapeutic strategies currently under investigation. The latter are based on the infusion of natural killer (NK) cells, as support of consolidation therapy in addition to standard treatments, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells directed against neuroblastoma associated antigens (e.g., disialoganglioside GD2). Finally, future perspectives of adoptive cell therapies represented by γδ T lymphocyes and CAR NK cells are envisaged.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/1/43neuroblastomaimmunotherapyantibodiesCARNKγδ T cells |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Fabio Morandi Federica Sabatini Marina Podestà Irma Airoldi |
spellingShingle |
Fabio Morandi Federica Sabatini Marina Podestà Irma Airoldi Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Neuroblastoma: Present, Past and Future Vaccines neuroblastoma immunotherapy antibodies CAR NK γδ T cells |
author_facet |
Fabio Morandi Federica Sabatini Marina Podestà Irma Airoldi |
author_sort |
Fabio Morandi |
title |
Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Neuroblastoma: Present, Past and Future |
title_short |
Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Neuroblastoma: Present, Past and Future |
title_full |
Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Neuroblastoma: Present, Past and Future |
title_fullStr |
Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Neuroblastoma: Present, Past and Future |
title_full_unstemmed |
Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Neuroblastoma: Present, Past and Future |
title_sort |
immunotherapeutic strategies for neuroblastoma: present, past and future |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Vaccines |
issn |
2076-393X |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor with a heterogeneous clinical course, ranging from spontaneous regression to metastatic disease and death, irrespective of intensive chemotherapeutic regimen. On the basis of several parameters, children affected by neuroblastoma are stratified into low, intermediate and high risk. At present, more than 50% of high-risk patients with metastatic spread display an overall poor long-term outcome also complicated by devastating long-term morbidities. Thus, novel and more effective therapies are desperately needed to improve lifespan of high-risk patients. In this regard, adoptive cell therapy holds great promise and several clinical trials are ongoing, demonstrating safety and tolerability, with no toxicities. Starting from the immunological and clinical features of neuroblastoma, we here discuss the immunotherapeutic approaches currently adopted for high-risk patients and different innovative therapeutic strategies currently under investigation. The latter are based on the infusion of natural killer (NK) cells, as support of consolidation therapy in addition to standard treatments, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells directed against neuroblastoma associated antigens (e.g., disialoganglioside GD2). Finally, future perspectives of adoptive cell therapies represented by γδ T lymphocyes and CAR NK cells are envisaged. |
topic |
neuroblastoma immunotherapy antibodies CAR NK γδ T cells |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/1/43 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT fabiomorandi immunotherapeuticstrategiesforneuroblastomapresentpastandfuture AT federicasabatini immunotherapeuticstrategiesforneuroblastomapresentpastandfuture AT marinapodesta immunotherapeuticstrategiesforneuroblastomapresentpastandfuture AT irmaairoldi immunotherapeuticstrategiesforneuroblastomapresentpastandfuture |
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1724338772214022144 |