Swelling Properties and Permeability of GMZ Bentonite-Sand Mixtures during Different Solutions Infiltration
In China, Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite is recognized as a barrier material for isolating nuclear waste. Different chemical solutions may change the hydraulic conductivity and swelling capacity of bentonite. Consequently, a series of swelling pressure and permeability experiments was carried out on bent...
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doaj-13149f599f674245a785fdb3060071de2021-02-04T00:03:59ZengMDPI AGSustainability2071-10502021-02-01131622162210.3390/su13041622Swelling Properties and Permeability of GMZ Bentonite-Sand Mixtures during Different Solutions InfiltrationYu-Ping Wang0Zhe Wang1Yu Zhao2Fa-Cheng Yi3Bao-Long Zhu4School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, ChinaIn China, Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite is recognized as a barrier material for isolating nuclear waste. Different chemical solutions may change the hydraulic conductivity and swelling capacity of bentonite. Consequently, a series of swelling pressure and permeability experiments was carried out on bentonite-sand mixtures with various dry densities and infiltrating solutions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were carried out on the samples experiencing the tests to identify the influence of chemistry pore solutions upon the mineralogical and microstructure changes. The results show that the swelling pressure experienced rapid swelling, slow expansion, and the stable expansion stage for the specimens of infiltrating solutions except for NaOH. For the specimens infiltrated with NaOH solutions, the swelling pressure experienced rapid increases, slow decreases, and a stable development stage. With hyper-alkaline and hyper-salinity infiltration, the swelling pressure decreased, and the permeability increased. In addition, swelling pressure attained stability more quickly on contact with hyper-alkaline and hyper-salinity solutions. Comparing the test results, the results indicate that the influence of NaOH on the expansion and permeability was higher than NaCl-Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> at the same concentration.https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/4/1622bentonite-sand mixturedry densityinfiltrating solutionexpansion pressurepermeability coefficientFESEM |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yu-Ping Wang Zhe Wang Yu Zhao Fa-Cheng Yi Bao-Long Zhu |
spellingShingle |
Yu-Ping Wang Zhe Wang Yu Zhao Fa-Cheng Yi Bao-Long Zhu Swelling Properties and Permeability of GMZ Bentonite-Sand Mixtures during Different Solutions Infiltration Sustainability bentonite-sand mixture dry density infiltrating solution expansion pressure permeability coefficient FESEM |
author_facet |
Yu-Ping Wang Zhe Wang Yu Zhao Fa-Cheng Yi Bao-Long Zhu |
author_sort |
Yu-Ping Wang |
title |
Swelling Properties and Permeability of GMZ Bentonite-Sand Mixtures during Different Solutions Infiltration |
title_short |
Swelling Properties and Permeability of GMZ Bentonite-Sand Mixtures during Different Solutions Infiltration |
title_full |
Swelling Properties and Permeability of GMZ Bentonite-Sand Mixtures during Different Solutions Infiltration |
title_fullStr |
Swelling Properties and Permeability of GMZ Bentonite-Sand Mixtures during Different Solutions Infiltration |
title_full_unstemmed |
Swelling Properties and Permeability of GMZ Bentonite-Sand Mixtures during Different Solutions Infiltration |
title_sort |
swelling properties and permeability of gmz bentonite-sand mixtures during different solutions infiltration |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Sustainability |
issn |
2071-1050 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
In China, Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite is recognized as a barrier material for isolating nuclear waste. Different chemical solutions may change the hydraulic conductivity and swelling capacity of bentonite. Consequently, a series of swelling pressure and permeability experiments was carried out on bentonite-sand mixtures with various dry densities and infiltrating solutions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were carried out on the samples experiencing the tests to identify the influence of chemistry pore solutions upon the mineralogical and microstructure changes. The results show that the swelling pressure experienced rapid swelling, slow expansion, and the stable expansion stage for the specimens of infiltrating solutions except for NaOH. For the specimens infiltrated with NaOH solutions, the swelling pressure experienced rapid increases, slow decreases, and a stable development stage. With hyper-alkaline and hyper-salinity infiltration, the swelling pressure decreased, and the permeability increased. In addition, swelling pressure attained stability more quickly on contact with hyper-alkaline and hyper-salinity solutions. Comparing the test results, the results indicate that the influence of NaOH on the expansion and permeability was higher than NaCl-Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> at the same concentration. |
topic |
bentonite-sand mixture dry density infiltrating solution expansion pressure permeability coefficient FESEM |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/4/1622 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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