Chemical and physical-hydric characterisation of a red latosol after five years of management during the summer between-crop season

• Main Authors: José Fausto Guimarães Silva, Eduardo da Costa Severiano, Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa, Vinícius de Melo Benites, Wellingthon da Silva Guimarães Júnnyor, José Carlos Bento
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 2014-10-01
• Series: Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
• Subjects: Brachiaria; sucessão de culturas; sistema plantio direto; intervalo hídrico ótimo; disponibilidade hídrica
• Online Access: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832014000500023&lng=en&tlng=en

Agricultural production systems that include the production of mulch for no-tillage farming and structural improvement of the soil can be considered key measures for agricultural activity in the Cerrado region without causing environmental degradation. In this respect, our work aimed to evaluate the chemical and physical-hydric properties of a dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol) in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goias, Brazil, under different soil management systems in the between-crop season of soybean cultivation five years after first planting. The following conditions were evaluated: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu as a cover crop during the between-crop season; Second crop of maize intercropped with Brachiaria ruziziensis; Second crop of grain alone in a no-tillage system; Fallow soil after the soybean harvest; and Forest (natural vegetation) located in an adjacent area. Soil samples up to a depth of 40 cm were taken and used in the assessment of chemical properties and soil structure diagnostics. The results demonstrated that the conversion of native vegetation areas into agricultural fields altered the chemical and physical-hydric properties of the soil at all the depths evaluated, especially up to 10 cm, due to the activity of root systems in the soil structure. Cultivation of B. brizantha as a cover crop during the summer between-crop season increased soil water availability, which is important for agricultural activities in the region under study.