Atypical Porcine Pestivirus: A Possible Cause of Congenital Tremor Type A‐II in Newborn Piglets
Congenital tremor type A‐II in piglets has been regarded as a transmissible disease since the 1970s, possibly caused by a very recently‐described virus: atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV). Here, we describe several strains of APPV in piglets with clinical signs of congenital tremor (10 of 10 farms...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/8/10/271 |
| id |
doaj-13886458142e403e88e4493c4024692c |
|---|---|
| record_format |
Article |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Ad de Groof Martin Deijs Lars Guelen Lotte van Grinsven Laura van Os‐Galdos Wannes Vogels Carmen Derks Toine Cruijsen Victor Geurts Mieke Vrijenhoek Janneke Suijskens Peter van Doorn Leo van Leengoed Carla Schrier Lia van der Hoek |
| spellingShingle |
Ad de Groof Martin Deijs Lars Guelen Lotte van Grinsven Laura van Os‐Galdos Wannes Vogels Carmen Derks Toine Cruijsen Victor Geurts Mieke Vrijenhoek Janneke Suijskens Peter van Doorn Leo van Leengoed Carla Schrier Lia van der Hoek Atypical Porcine Pestivirus: A Possible Cause of Congenital Tremor Type A‐II in Newborn Piglets Viruses pestivirus congenital tremor swine persistent infection APPV |
| author_facet |
Ad de Groof Martin Deijs Lars Guelen Lotte van Grinsven Laura van Os‐Galdos Wannes Vogels Carmen Derks Toine Cruijsen Victor Geurts Mieke Vrijenhoek Janneke Suijskens Peter van Doorn Leo van Leengoed Carla Schrier Lia van der Hoek |
| author_sort |
Ad de Groof |
| title |
Atypical Porcine Pestivirus: A Possible Cause of Congenital Tremor Type A‐II in Newborn Piglets |
| title_short |
Atypical Porcine Pestivirus: A Possible Cause of Congenital Tremor Type A‐II in Newborn Piglets |
| title_full |
Atypical Porcine Pestivirus: A Possible Cause of Congenital Tremor Type A‐II in Newborn Piglets |
| title_fullStr |
Atypical Porcine Pestivirus: A Possible Cause of Congenital Tremor Type A‐II in Newborn Piglets |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Atypical Porcine Pestivirus: A Possible Cause of Congenital Tremor Type A‐II in Newborn Piglets |
| title_sort |
atypical porcine pestivirus: a possible cause of congenital tremor type a‐ii in newborn piglets |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
Viruses |
| issn |
1999-4915 |
| publishDate |
2016-10-01 |
| description |
Congenital tremor type A‐II in piglets has been regarded as a transmissible disease since the 1970s, possibly caused by a very recently‐described virus: atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV). Here, we describe several strains of APPV in piglets with clinical signs of congenital tremor (10 of 10 farms tested). Piglets on a farm with no history of congenital tremor were PCR‐negative for the virus. To demonstrate a causal relationship between APPV and disease, three gilts were inoculated via intramuscular injection at day 32 of pregnancy. In two of the three litters, vertical transmission of the virus occurred. Clinical signs of congenital tremor were observed in APPV‐infected newborns, yet also two asymptomatic carriers were among the offspring. Piglets of one litter were PCR‐negative for the virus, and these piglets were all without congenital tremors. Long‐term follow up of farm piglets born with congenital tremors showed that the initially high viremia in serum declines at five months of age, but shedding of the virus in feces continues, which explains why the virus remains present at affected farms and causes new outbreaks. We conclude that trans‐placental transmission of APPV and subsequent infection of the fetuses is a very likely cause of congenital tremor type A‐II in piglets. |
| topic |
pestivirus congenital tremor swine persistent infection APPV |
| url |
http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/8/10/271 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT addegroof atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT martindeijs atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT larsguelen atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT lottevangrinsven atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT lauravanosgaldos atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT wannesvogels atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT carmenderks atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT toinecruijsen atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT victorgeurts atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT miekevrijenhoek atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT jannekesuijskens atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT petervandoorn atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT leovanleengoed atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT carlaschrier atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets AT liavanderhoek atypicalporcinepestivirusapossiblecauseofcongenitaltremortypeaiiinnewbornpiglets |
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1725466447246786560 |
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doaj-13886458142e403e88e4493c4024692c2020-11-24T23:54:16ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152016-10-0181027110.3390/v8100271v8100271Atypical Porcine Pestivirus: A Possible Cause of Congenital Tremor Type A‐II in Newborn PigletsAd de Groof0Martin Deijs1Lars Guelen2Lotte van Grinsven3Laura van Os‐Galdos4Wannes Vogels5Carmen Derks6Toine Cruijsen7Victor Geurts8Mieke Vrijenhoek9Janneke Suijskens10Peter van Doorn11Leo van Leengoed12Carla Schrier13Lia van der Hoek14MSD Animal Health/Intervet International bv., Department Discovery & Technology, Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsLaboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsMSD Animal Health/Intervet International bv., Department Discovery & Technology, Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsMSD Animal Health/Intervet International bv., Department Discovery & Technology, Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsLaboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsMSD Animal Health/Intervet International bv., Department Discovery & Technology, Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsMSD Animal Health/Intervet International bv., Department Discovery & Technology, Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsMSD Animal Health/Intervet Nederland bv., Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsMSD Animal Health/Intervet Nederland bv., Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsMSD Animal Health/Intervet International bv., Department Discovery & Technology, Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsMSD Animal Health/Intervet International bv., Department Discovery & Technology, Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsMSD Animal Health/Intervet International bv., Department Discovery & Technology, Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsCurrent address: Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The NetherlandsMSD Animal Health/Intervet International bv., Department Discovery & Technology, Wim de Körverstraat 35, P.O. Box 31, 5830AA Boxmeer, The NetherlandsLaboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsCongenital tremor type A‐II in piglets has been regarded as a transmissible disease since the 1970s, possibly caused by a very recently‐described virus: atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV). Here, we describe several strains of APPV in piglets with clinical signs of congenital tremor (10 of 10 farms tested). Piglets on a farm with no history of congenital tremor were PCR‐negative for the virus. To demonstrate a causal relationship between APPV and disease, three gilts were inoculated via intramuscular injection at day 32 of pregnancy. In two of the three litters, vertical transmission of the virus occurred. Clinical signs of congenital tremor were observed in APPV‐infected newborns, yet also two asymptomatic carriers were among the offspring. Piglets of one litter were PCR‐negative for the virus, and these piglets were all without congenital tremors. Long‐term follow up of farm piglets born with congenital tremors showed that the initially high viremia in serum declines at five months of age, but shedding of the virus in feces continues, which explains why the virus remains present at affected farms and causes new outbreaks. We conclude that trans‐placental transmission of APPV and subsequent infection of the fetuses is a very likely cause of congenital tremor type A‐II in piglets.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/8/10/271pestivirus congenital tremor swine persistent infection APPV |