| Summary: | Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health problem. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>SA</i>) is a common bacterium associated with a variety of community and hospital infections. Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) accounts for most <i>SA</i> related morbidity and mortality. In this study, we determined the prevalence and factors associated with <i>SA</i> and MRSA in Myanmar. Methods: We collected the data retrospectively by reviewing an electronic register containing the results of bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing of biological specimens received from healthcare facilities during 2018–2019. Results: Of the 37,798 biological specimens with bacterial culture growth, 22% (8244) were Gram-positive. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, 42% (2801) were <i>SA</i>, of which 48% (1331) were judged as MRSA by phenotypic methods. The prevalence of MRSA was higher in the older age groups, in female patients, in urine specimens and specimens received from the intensive care unit and dermatology departments. One site (Site F) had the highest MRSA prevalence of the seven AMR sentinel sites. Most <i>SA</i> isolates were sensitive to vancomycin (90%) by phenotypic methods. Conclusions: The high prevalence of MRSA indicates a major public health threat. There is an urgent need to strengthen the AMR surveillance and hospital infection control program in Myanmar.
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