Motor Neuron Diseases and Neuroprotective Peptides: A Closer Look to Neurons
Motor neurons (MNs) are specialized neurons responsible for muscle contraction that specifically degenerate in motor neuron diseases (MNDs), such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Distinct classes of MNs degenerate a...
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2021-09-01
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doaj-140e54cf59e24f8181d10beb6754d2622021-09-17T05:42:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience1663-43652021-09-011310.3389/fnagi.2021.723871723871Motor Neuron Diseases and Neuroprotective Peptides: A Closer Look to NeuronsEmanuela Zuccaro0Emanuela Zuccaro1Emanuela Zuccaro2Diana Piol3Manuela Basso4Maria Pennuto5Maria Pennuto6Maria Pennuto7Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, ItalyVeneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, ItalyPadova Neuroscience Center, Padua, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, ItalyDepartment of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology – CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, ItalyVeneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, ItalyPadova Neuroscience Center, Padua, ItalyMotor neurons (MNs) are specialized neurons responsible for muscle contraction that specifically degenerate in motor neuron diseases (MNDs), such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Distinct classes of MNs degenerate at different rates in disease, with a particular class named fast-fatigable MNs (FF-MNs) degenerating first. The etiology behind the selective vulnerability of FF-MNs is still largely under investigation. Among the different strategies to target MNs, the administration of protective neuropeptides is one of the potential therapeutic interventions. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with beneficial effects in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and more recently SBMA. Another neuropeptide that has a neurotrophic effect on MNs is insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also known as somatomedin C. These two peptides are implicated in the activation of neuroprotective pathways exploitable in the amelioration of pathological outcomes related to MNDs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.723871/fullmotor neuron (MN)IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1)PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide)motor neuron disease (MND)ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Emanuela Zuccaro Emanuela Zuccaro Emanuela Zuccaro Diana Piol Manuela Basso Maria Pennuto Maria Pennuto Maria Pennuto |
spellingShingle |
Emanuela Zuccaro Emanuela Zuccaro Emanuela Zuccaro Diana Piol Manuela Basso Maria Pennuto Maria Pennuto Maria Pennuto Motor Neuron Diseases and Neuroprotective Peptides: A Closer Look to Neurons Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience motor neuron (MN) IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) motor neuron disease (MND) ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) |
author_facet |
Emanuela Zuccaro Emanuela Zuccaro Emanuela Zuccaro Diana Piol Manuela Basso Maria Pennuto Maria Pennuto Maria Pennuto |
author_sort |
Emanuela Zuccaro |
title |
Motor Neuron Diseases and Neuroprotective Peptides: A Closer Look to Neurons |
title_short |
Motor Neuron Diseases and Neuroprotective Peptides: A Closer Look to Neurons |
title_full |
Motor Neuron Diseases and Neuroprotective Peptides: A Closer Look to Neurons |
title_fullStr |
Motor Neuron Diseases and Neuroprotective Peptides: A Closer Look to Neurons |
title_full_unstemmed |
Motor Neuron Diseases and Neuroprotective Peptides: A Closer Look to Neurons |
title_sort |
motor neuron diseases and neuroprotective peptides: a closer look to neurons |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience |
issn |
1663-4365 |
publishDate |
2021-09-01 |
description |
Motor neurons (MNs) are specialized neurons responsible for muscle contraction that specifically degenerate in motor neuron diseases (MNDs), such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Distinct classes of MNs degenerate at different rates in disease, with a particular class named fast-fatigable MNs (FF-MNs) degenerating first. The etiology behind the selective vulnerability of FF-MNs is still largely under investigation. Among the different strategies to target MNs, the administration of protective neuropeptides is one of the potential therapeutic interventions. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with beneficial effects in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and more recently SBMA. Another neuropeptide that has a neurotrophic effect on MNs is insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), also known as somatomedin C. These two peptides are implicated in the activation of neuroprotective pathways exploitable in the amelioration of pathological outcomes related to MNDs. |
topic |
motor neuron (MN) IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide) motor neuron disease (MND) ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2021.723871/full |
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