Attentional Bias in Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Outpatients as Indexed by an Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task: Evidence for Speeded Detection of Substance Cues but Not for Heightened Distraction
Current cognitive models of addiction imply that speeded detection and increased distraction from substance cues might both independently contribute to the persistence of addictive behavior. Speeded detection might lower the threshold for experiencing craving, whereas increased distraction might fur...
Main Authors: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-02-01
|
Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626326/full |
id |
doaj-1423d88c6eaa45f9b9f20ad3b5d31190 |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-1423d88c6eaa45f9b9f20ad3b5d311902021-02-15T05:15:17ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782021-02-011210.3389/fpsyg.2021.626326626326Attentional Bias in Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Outpatients as Indexed by an Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task: Evidence for Speeded Detection of Substance Cues but Not for Heightened DistractionJanika Heitmann0Janika Heitmann1Peter J. de Jong2Verslavingszorg Noord Nederland, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, NetherlandsCurrent cognitive models of addiction imply that speeded detection and increased distraction from substance cues might both independently contribute to the persistence of addictive behavior. Speeded detection might lower the threshold for experiencing craving, whereas increased distraction might further increase the probability of entering a bias-craving-bias cycle, thereby lowering the threshold for repeated substance use. This study was designed to examine whether indeed both attentional processes are involved in substance use disorders. Both attentional processes were indexed by an Odd-One-Out visual search task in individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD; n = 63) and cannabis use disorder (CUD; n = 28). To test whether the detection and/or the distraction component are characteristic for AUD and CUD, their indices were compared with matched individuals without these diagnoses (respectively, n = 63 and n = 28). Individuals with CUD showed speeded detection of cannabis cues; the difference in detection between AUD and the comparison group remained inconclusive. Neither the AUD nor the CUD group showed more distraction than the comparison groups. The sample size of the CUD group was relatively small. In addition, participants made relatively many errors in the attentional bias (AB) task, which might have lowered its sensitivity to detect ABs. The current study provided no support for the proposed role of increased distraction in CUD and AUD. The findings did, however, provide support for the view that speeded detection might be involved in CUD. Although a similar trend was evident for AUD, the evidence was weak and remained therefore inconclusive.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626326/fullattentional biasvisual searchsubstance use disorderalcohol use disordercannabis use disorderspeeded detection |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Janika Heitmann Janika Heitmann Peter J. de Jong |
spellingShingle |
Janika Heitmann Janika Heitmann Peter J. de Jong Attentional Bias in Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Outpatients as Indexed by an Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task: Evidence for Speeded Detection of Substance Cues but Not for Heightened Distraction Frontiers in Psychology attentional bias visual search substance use disorder alcohol use disorder cannabis use disorder speeded detection |
author_facet |
Janika Heitmann Janika Heitmann Peter J. de Jong |
author_sort |
Janika Heitmann |
title |
Attentional Bias in Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Outpatients as Indexed by an Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task: Evidence for Speeded Detection of Substance Cues but Not for Heightened Distraction |
title_short |
Attentional Bias in Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Outpatients as Indexed by an Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task: Evidence for Speeded Detection of Substance Cues but Not for Heightened Distraction |
title_full |
Attentional Bias in Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Outpatients as Indexed by an Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task: Evidence for Speeded Detection of Substance Cues but Not for Heightened Distraction |
title_fullStr |
Attentional Bias in Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Outpatients as Indexed by an Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task: Evidence for Speeded Detection of Substance Cues but Not for Heightened Distraction |
title_full_unstemmed |
Attentional Bias in Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorder Outpatients as Indexed by an Odd-One-Out Visual Search Task: Evidence for Speeded Detection of Substance Cues but Not for Heightened Distraction |
title_sort |
attentional bias in alcohol and cannabis use disorder outpatients as indexed by an odd-one-out visual search task: evidence for speeded detection of substance cues but not for heightened distraction |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Psychology |
issn |
1664-1078 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
Current cognitive models of addiction imply that speeded detection and increased distraction from substance cues might both independently contribute to the persistence of addictive behavior. Speeded detection might lower the threshold for experiencing craving, whereas increased distraction might further increase the probability of entering a bias-craving-bias cycle, thereby lowering the threshold for repeated substance use. This study was designed to examine whether indeed both attentional processes are involved in substance use disorders. Both attentional processes were indexed by an Odd-One-Out visual search task in individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD; n = 63) and cannabis use disorder (CUD; n = 28). To test whether the detection and/or the distraction component are characteristic for AUD and CUD, their indices were compared with matched individuals without these diagnoses (respectively, n = 63 and n = 28). Individuals with CUD showed speeded detection of cannabis cues; the difference in detection between AUD and the comparison group remained inconclusive. Neither the AUD nor the CUD group showed more distraction than the comparison groups. The sample size of the CUD group was relatively small. In addition, participants made relatively many errors in the attentional bias (AB) task, which might have lowered its sensitivity to detect ABs. The current study provided no support for the proposed role of increased distraction in CUD and AUD. The findings did, however, provide support for the view that speeded detection might be involved in CUD. Although a similar trend was evident for AUD, the evidence was weak and remained therefore inconclusive. |
topic |
attentional bias visual search substance use disorder alcohol use disorder cannabis use disorder speeded detection |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626326/full |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT janikaheitmann attentionalbiasinalcoholandcannabisusedisorderoutpatientsasindexedbyanoddoneoutvisualsearchtaskevidenceforspeededdetectionofsubstancecuesbutnotforheighteneddistraction AT janikaheitmann attentionalbiasinalcoholandcannabisusedisorderoutpatientsasindexedbyanoddoneoutvisualsearchtaskevidenceforspeededdetectionofsubstancecuesbutnotforheighteneddistraction AT peterjdejong attentionalbiasinalcoholandcannabisusedisorderoutpatientsasindexedbyanoddoneoutvisualsearchtaskevidenceforspeededdetectionofsubstancecuesbutnotforheighteneddistraction |
_version_ |
1724269150364237824 |