Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions
<b>: </b>It is now established that adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart are endocrine organs and secrete in normal and in pathological conditions several molecules, called, respectively, adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines. These secretory proteins constitute a closed network th...
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doaj-14619f2562ff42959c8a5c4e128d76732020-11-25T04:07:16ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-11-01218372837210.3390/ijms21218372Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional InterventionsPamela Senesi0Livio Luzi1Ileana Terruzzi2Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy<b>: </b>It is now established that adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart are endocrine organs and secrete in normal and in pathological conditions several molecules, called, respectively, adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines. These secretory proteins constitute a closed network that plays a crucial role in obesity and above all in cardiac diseases associated with obesity. In particular, the interaction between adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines is mainly involved in inflammatory and oxidative damage characterized obesity condition. Identifying new therapeutic agents or treatment having a positive action on the expression of these molecules could have a key positive effect on the management of obesity and its cardiac complications. Results from recent studies indicate that several nutritional interventions, including nutraceutical supplements, could represent new therapeutic agents on the adipo-myo-cardiokines network. This review focuses the biological action on the main adipokines, myokines and cardiokines involved in obesity and cardiovascular diseases and describe the principal nutraceutical approaches able to regulate leptin, adiponectin, apelin, irisin, natriuretic peptides, and follistatin-like 1 expression.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8372cardiovascular diseasesmetabolic syndromeobesitynutraceuticalsadipokinesmyokines |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Pamela Senesi Livio Luzi Ileana Terruzzi |
spellingShingle |
Pamela Senesi Livio Luzi Ileana Terruzzi Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions International Journal of Molecular Sciences cardiovascular diseases metabolic syndrome obesity nutraceuticals adipokines myokines |
author_facet |
Pamela Senesi Livio Luzi Ileana Terruzzi |
author_sort |
Pamela Senesi |
title |
Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions |
title_short |
Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions |
title_full |
Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions |
title_fullStr |
Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Adipokines, Myokines, and Cardiokines: The Role of Nutritional Interventions |
title_sort |
adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines: the role of nutritional interventions |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
issn |
1661-6596 1422-0067 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
<b>: </b>It is now established that adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart are endocrine organs and secrete in normal and in pathological conditions several molecules, called, respectively, adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines. These secretory proteins constitute a closed network that plays a crucial role in obesity and above all in cardiac diseases associated with obesity. In particular, the interaction between adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines is mainly involved in inflammatory and oxidative damage characterized obesity condition. Identifying new therapeutic agents or treatment having a positive action on the expression of these molecules could have a key positive effect on the management of obesity and its cardiac complications. Results from recent studies indicate that several nutritional interventions, including nutraceutical supplements, could represent new therapeutic agents on the adipo-myo-cardiokines network. This review focuses the biological action on the main adipokines, myokines and cardiokines involved in obesity and cardiovascular diseases and describe the principal nutraceutical approaches able to regulate leptin, adiponectin, apelin, irisin, natriuretic peptides, and follistatin-like 1 expression. |
topic |
cardiovascular diseases metabolic syndrome obesity nutraceuticals adipokines myokines |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8372 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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