Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags
Seagrass meadows are an important wetland habitat that have been degraded globally but have an important carbon storage role. In order to expand the restoration of these productive and biodiverse habitats methods are required that can be used for large scale habitat creation across a range of enviro...
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doaj-149c45f1f2a54fc7a8fd9a723abd541d2020-11-25T01:27:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution2296-701X2019-08-01710.3389/fevo.2019.00311450429Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian BagsRichard K. F. Unsworth0Richard K. F. Unsworth1Chiara M. Bertelli2Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth3Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth4Nicole Esteban5Benjamin L. Jones6Benjamin L. Jones7Richard Lilley8Christopher Lowe9Hanna K. Nuuttila10Samuel C. Rees11Seagrass Ecosystem Research Group and SEACAMS, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United KingdomProject Seagrass, Cardiff, United KingdomSeagrass Ecosystem Research Group and SEACAMS, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United KingdomProject Seagrass, Cardiff, United KingdomSustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United KingdomSeagrass Ecosystem Research Group and SEACAMS, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United KingdomProject Seagrass, Cardiff, United KingdomDepartment of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenProject Seagrass, Cardiff, United KingdomSeagrass Ecosystem Research Group and SEACAMS, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United KingdomSeagrass Ecosystem Research Group and SEACAMS, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United KingdomSeagrass Ecosystem Research Group and SEACAMS, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, United KingdomSeagrass meadows are an important wetland habitat that have been degraded globally but have an important carbon storage role. In order to expand the restoration of these productive and biodiverse habitats methods are required that can be used for large scale habitat creation across a range of environmental conditions. The spreading of seagrass seeds has been proven to be a successful method for restoring seagrass around the world, however in places where tidal range is large such methods become limited by resultant water movements. Here we describe and test a method for deploying seagrass seeds of the species Zostera marina over large scales using a new, simple method “Bags of Seagrass Seeds Line (BoSSLine).” This method involved planting seeds and sediment using natural fiber hessian bags deployed along strings anchored onto the seabed. When deployed in a suitable environment 94% of bags developed mature seagrass shoots, unfortunately one site subjected to a large storm event resulted in sediment burial of the bags and no seed germination. Bags were filled with 100 seeds with each leading to the development of 2.37 ± 2.41 mature shoots (206 ± 87 mm in length) 10 months after planting. The method was proven successful however the experiments illustrated the need to ensure habitat suitability prior to their use. Low seed success rate was comparable to other restoration studies, however further trials are recommended to ensure ways to improve this rate. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for an effective, simple method “Bags of Seagrass Seeds Line (BoSSLine)” for deploying seeds of the seagrass Zostera marina over large scales.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2019.00311/fullseagrassfeedbacks (positive/negative)restorationseagrass (Zostera)macrophytes (aquatic plants) |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Richard K. F. Unsworth Richard K. F. Unsworth Chiara M. Bertelli Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth Nicole Esteban Benjamin L. Jones Benjamin L. Jones Richard Lilley Christopher Lowe Hanna K. Nuuttila Samuel C. Rees |
spellingShingle |
Richard K. F. Unsworth Richard K. F. Unsworth Chiara M. Bertelli Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth Nicole Esteban Benjamin L. Jones Benjamin L. Jones Richard Lilley Christopher Lowe Hanna K. Nuuttila Samuel C. Rees Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution seagrass feedbacks (positive/negative) restoration seagrass (Zostera) macrophytes (aquatic plants) |
author_facet |
Richard K. F. Unsworth Richard K. F. Unsworth Chiara M. Bertelli Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth Leanne C. Cullen-Unsworth Nicole Esteban Benjamin L. Jones Benjamin L. Jones Richard Lilley Christopher Lowe Hanna K. Nuuttila Samuel C. Rees |
author_sort |
Richard K. F. Unsworth |
title |
Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags |
title_short |
Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags |
title_full |
Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags |
title_fullStr |
Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sowing the Seeds of Seagrass Recovery Using Hessian Bags |
title_sort |
sowing the seeds of seagrass recovery using hessian bags |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution |
issn |
2296-701X |
publishDate |
2019-08-01 |
description |
Seagrass meadows are an important wetland habitat that have been degraded globally but have an important carbon storage role. In order to expand the restoration of these productive and biodiverse habitats methods are required that can be used for large scale habitat creation across a range of environmental conditions. The spreading of seagrass seeds has been proven to be a successful method for restoring seagrass around the world, however in places where tidal range is large such methods become limited by resultant water movements. Here we describe and test a method for deploying seagrass seeds of the species Zostera marina over large scales using a new, simple method “Bags of Seagrass Seeds Line (BoSSLine).” This method involved planting seeds and sediment using natural fiber hessian bags deployed along strings anchored onto the seabed. When deployed in a suitable environment 94% of bags developed mature seagrass shoots, unfortunately one site subjected to a large storm event resulted in sediment burial of the bags and no seed germination. Bags were filled with 100 seeds with each leading to the development of 2.37 ± 2.41 mature shoots (206 ± 87 mm in length) 10 months after planting. The method was proven successful however the experiments illustrated the need to ensure habitat suitability prior to their use. Low seed success rate was comparable to other restoration studies, however further trials are recommended to ensure ways to improve this rate. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for an effective, simple method “Bags of Seagrass Seeds Line (BoSSLine)” for deploying seeds of the seagrass Zostera marina over large scales. |
topic |
seagrass feedbacks (positive/negative) restoration seagrass (Zostera) macrophytes (aquatic plants) |
url |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fevo.2019.00311/full |
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