On the Nature of Evidence and ‘Proving’ Causality: Smoking and Lung Cancer vs. Sun Exposure, Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis

On the Nature of Evidence and ‘Proving’ Causality: Smoking and Lung Cancer vs. Sun Exposure, Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis

If environmental exposures are shown to cause an adverse health outcome, reducing exposure should reduce the disease risk. Links between exposures and outcomes are typically based on ‘associations’ derived from observational studies, and causality may not be clear. Randomized con...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Robyn M. Lucas, Rachael M. Rodney Harris
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2018-08-01
Series:International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Subjects:
epidemiology
causality
association
smoking
lung cancer
vitamin D
sun exposure
multiple sclerosis
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/8/1726

Internet

http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/8/1726

Similar Items