Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive and relatively painless tool that has been used to study various cognitive functions as well as to understand the brain-behavior relationship in normal individuals as well as in those with various neuropsychiatric disorders. It ha...
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2011-01-01
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doaj-14cb2f5149184b7eb6f6e27b44379e812020-11-24T22:50:28ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsAnnals of Indian Academy of Neurology0972-23271998-35492011-01-0114424525110.4103/0972-2327.91935Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatryBiswa Ranjan MishraSukanto SarkarSamir Kumar PraharajVarun S MehtaShreyansh DiwediS Haque NizamieRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive and relatively painless tool that has been used to study various cognitive functions as well as to understand the brain-behavior relationship in normal individuals as well as in those with various neuropsychiatric disorders. It has also been used as a therapeutic tool in various neuropsychiatric disorders because of its ability to specifically modulate distinct brain areas. Studies have shown that repeated stimulation at low frequency produces long-lasting inhibition, which is called as long-term depression, whereas repeated high-frequency stimulation can produce excitation through long-term potentiation. This paper reviews the current status of rTMS as an investigative and therapeutic modality in various neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been used to study the cortical and subcortical functions, neural plasticity and brain mapping in normal individuals and in various neuropsychiatric disorders. rTMS has been most promising in the treatment of depression, with an overall milder adverse effect profile compared with electroconvulsive therapy. In other neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mania, epilepsy and substance abuse, it has been found to be useful, although further studies are required to establish therapeutic efficacy. It appears to be ineffective in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. There is a paucity of studies of efficacy and safety of rTMS in pediatric and geriatric population. Although it appears safe, further research is required to optimize its efficacy and reduce the side-effects. Magnetic seizure therapy, which involves producing seizures akin to electroconvulsive therapy, appears to be of comparable efficacy in the treatment of depression with less cognitive adverse effects.http://www.annalsofian.org/article.asp?issn=0972-2327;year=2011;volume=14;issue=4;spage=245;epage=251;aulast=MishraLong-term potentiationlong-term depressionneuropsychiatryrepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Biswa Ranjan Mishra Sukanto Sarkar Samir Kumar Praharaj Varun S Mehta Shreyansh Diwedi S Haque Nizamie |
spellingShingle |
Biswa Ranjan Mishra Sukanto Sarkar Samir Kumar Praharaj Varun S Mehta Shreyansh Diwedi S Haque Nizamie Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology Long-term potentiation long-term depression neuropsychiatry repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation |
author_facet |
Biswa Ranjan Mishra Sukanto Sarkar Samir Kumar Praharaj Varun S Mehta Shreyansh Diwedi S Haque Nizamie |
author_sort |
Biswa Ranjan Mishra |
title |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry |
title_short |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry |
title_full |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry |
title_fullStr |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry |
title_full_unstemmed |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry |
title_sort |
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry |
publisher |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
series |
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology |
issn |
0972-2327 1998-3549 |
publishDate |
2011-01-01 |
description |
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive and relatively painless tool that has been used to study various cognitive functions as well as to understand the brain-behavior relationship in normal individuals as well as in those with various neuropsychiatric disorders. It has also been used as a therapeutic tool in various neuropsychiatric disorders because of its ability to specifically modulate distinct brain areas. Studies have shown that repeated stimulation at low frequency produces long-lasting inhibition, which is called as long-term depression, whereas repeated high-frequency stimulation can produce excitation through long-term potentiation. This paper reviews the current status of rTMS as an investigative and therapeutic modality in various neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been used to study the cortical and subcortical functions, neural plasticity and brain mapping in normal individuals and in various neuropsychiatric disorders. rTMS has been most promising in the treatment of depression, with an overall milder adverse effect profile compared with electroconvulsive therapy. In other neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mania, epilepsy and substance abuse, it has been found to be useful, although further studies are required to establish therapeutic efficacy. It appears to be ineffective in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. There is a paucity of studies of efficacy and safety of rTMS in pediatric and geriatric population. Although it appears safe, further research is required to optimize its efficacy and reduce the side-effects. Magnetic seizure therapy, which involves producing seizures akin to electroconvulsive therapy, appears to be of comparable efficacy in the treatment of depression with less cognitive adverse effects. |
topic |
Long-term potentiation long-term depression neuropsychiatry repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation |
url |
http://www.annalsofian.org/article.asp?issn=0972-2327;year=2011;volume=14;issue=4;spage=245;epage=251;aulast=Mishra |
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