Detecting Effect of Levodopa in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using Sustained Phonemes
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multi-symptom neurodegenerative disease generally managed with medications, of which levodopa is the most effective. Determining the dosage of levodopa requires regular meetings where motor function can be observed. Speech impairment is an early s...
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doaj-155201c92fa24a2faa5448f3c9fdddc12021-03-31T01:18:01ZengIEEEIEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine2168-23722021-01-0191910.1109/JTEHM.2021.30668009380752Detecting Effect of Levodopa in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using Sustained PhonemesNemuel D. Pah0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0181-3199Mohammod A. Motin1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1618-3772Peter Kempster2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-3930Dinesh K. Kumar3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3602-4023Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Surabaya, Surabaya, IndonesiaSchool of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaMonash Health, Clayton, VIC, AustraliaSchool of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaBackground: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multi-symptom neurodegenerative disease generally managed with medications, of which levodopa is the most effective. Determining the dosage of levodopa requires regular meetings where motor function can be observed. Speech impairment is an early symptom in PD and has been proposed for early detection and monitoring of the disease. However, findings from previous research on the effect of levodopa on speech have not shown a consistent picture. Method: This study has investigated the effect of medication on PD patients for three sustained phonemes; /a/, /o/, and /m/, which were recorded from 24 PD patients during medication <italic>off</italic> and <italic>on</italic> stages, and from 22 healthy participants. The differences were statistically investigated, and the features were classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results: The results show that medication has a significant effect on the change of time and amplitude perturbation (jitter and shimmer) and harmonics of /m/, which was the most sensitive individual phoneme to the levodopa response. /m/ and /o/ performed at a comparable level in discriminating PD-<italic>off</italic> from control recordings. However, SVM classifications based on the combined use of the three phonemes /a/, /o/, and /m/ showed the best classifications, both for medication effect and for separating PD from control voice. The SVM classification for PD-<italic>off</italic> versus PD-<italic>on</italic> achieved an AUC of 0.81. Conclusion: Studies of phonation by computerized voice analysis in PD should employ recordings of multiple phonemes. Our findings are potentially relevant in research to identify early parkinsonian dysarthria, and to tele-monitoring of the levodopa response in patients with established PD.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9380752/Dysarthriadrug responseParkinson’s diseasesustained phonemesvoice analysis |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Nemuel D. Pah Mohammod A. Motin Peter Kempster Dinesh K. Kumar |
spellingShingle |
Nemuel D. Pah Mohammod A. Motin Peter Kempster Dinesh K. Kumar Detecting Effect of Levodopa in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using Sustained Phonemes IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine Dysarthria drug response Parkinson’s disease sustained phonemes voice analysis |
author_facet |
Nemuel D. Pah Mohammod A. Motin Peter Kempster Dinesh K. Kumar |
author_sort |
Nemuel D. Pah |
title |
Detecting Effect of Levodopa in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using Sustained Phonemes |
title_short |
Detecting Effect of Levodopa in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using Sustained Phonemes |
title_full |
Detecting Effect of Levodopa in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using Sustained Phonemes |
title_fullStr |
Detecting Effect of Levodopa in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using Sustained Phonemes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Detecting Effect of Levodopa in Parkinson’s Disease Patients Using Sustained Phonemes |
title_sort |
detecting effect of levodopa in parkinson’s disease patients using sustained phonemes |
publisher |
IEEE |
series |
IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine |
issn |
2168-2372 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multi-symptom neurodegenerative disease generally managed with medications, of which levodopa is the most effective. Determining the dosage of levodopa requires regular meetings where motor function can be observed. Speech impairment is an early symptom in PD and has been proposed for early detection and monitoring of the disease. However, findings from previous research on the effect of levodopa on speech have not shown a consistent picture. Method: This study has investigated the effect of medication on PD patients for three sustained phonemes; /a/, /o/, and /m/, which were recorded from 24 PD patients during medication <italic>off</italic> and <italic>on</italic> stages, and from 22 healthy participants. The differences were statistically investigated, and the features were classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results: The results show that medication has a significant effect on the change of time and amplitude perturbation (jitter and shimmer) and harmonics of /m/, which was the most sensitive individual phoneme to the levodopa response. /m/ and /o/ performed at a comparable level in discriminating PD-<italic>off</italic> from control recordings. However, SVM classifications based on the combined use of the three phonemes /a/, /o/, and /m/ showed the best classifications, both for medication effect and for separating PD from control voice. The SVM classification for PD-<italic>off</italic> versus PD-<italic>on</italic> achieved an AUC of 0.81. Conclusion: Studies of phonation by computerized voice analysis in PD should employ recordings of multiple phonemes. Our findings are potentially relevant in research to identify early parkinsonian dysarthria, and to tele-monitoring of the levodopa response in patients with established PD. |
topic |
Dysarthria drug response Parkinson’s disease sustained phonemes voice analysis |
url |
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9380752/ |
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