Health and economic impacts of air pollution induced by weather extremes over the continental U.S.
Extreme weather events may enhance ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution, causing additional adverse health effects. This work aims to evaluate the health and associated economic impacts of changes in air quality induced by heat wave, stagnation, and compound extremes under the Re...
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doaj-1588132024f04d2e9703821d787b78152020-11-25T03:04:03ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202020-10-01143105921Health and economic impacts of air pollution induced by weather extremes over the continental U.S.Yang Zhang0Peilin Yang1Yang Gao2Ruby L. Leung3Michelle L. Bell4Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Corresponding author at: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, #400 Snell Engineering Center, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAKey Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education of China, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266100, ChinaAtmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USASchool of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USAExtreme weather events may enhance ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution, causing additional adverse health effects. This work aims to evaluate the health and associated economic impacts of changes in air quality induced by heat wave, stagnation, and compound extremes under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 climate scenarios. The Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition is applied to estimate health and related economic impacts of changes in surface O3 and PM2.5 levels due to heat wave, stagnation, and compound extremes over the continental U.S. during past (i.e., 2001–2010) and future (i.e., 2046–2055) decades under the two RCP scenarios.Under the past and future decades, the weather extremes-induced concentration increases may lead to several tens to hundreds O3-related deaths and several hundreds to over ten thousands PM2.5-related deaths annually. High mortalities and morbidities are estimated for populated urban areas with strong spatial heterogeneities. The estimated annual costs for these O3 and PM2.5 related health outcomes are $5.5–12.5 and $48.6–140.7 billion U.S. dollar for mortalities, and $8.9–97.8 and $19.5–112.5 million for morbidities, respectively. Of the extreme events, the estimated O3– and PM2.5–related mortality and morbidity attributed to stagnation are the highest, followed by heat wave or compound extremes. Large increases in heat wave and compound extreme events in the future decade dominate changes in mortality during these two extreme events, whereas population growth dominates changes in mortality during stagnation that is projected to occur less frequently. Projected reductions of anthropogenic emissions under both RCP scenarios compensate for the increased mortality due to increased occurrence for heat wave and compound extremes in the future. These results suggest a need to further reduce air pollutant emissions during weather extremes to minimize the adverse impacts of weather extremes on air quality and human health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412020318766Weather extremesO3PM2.5MortalityMorbidityContinental U.S. |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Yang Zhang Peilin Yang Yang Gao Ruby L. Leung Michelle L. Bell |
spellingShingle |
Yang Zhang Peilin Yang Yang Gao Ruby L. Leung Michelle L. Bell Health and economic impacts of air pollution induced by weather extremes over the continental U.S. Environment International Weather extremes O3 PM2.5 Mortality Morbidity Continental U.S. |
author_facet |
Yang Zhang Peilin Yang Yang Gao Ruby L. Leung Michelle L. Bell |
author_sort |
Yang Zhang |
title |
Health and economic impacts of air pollution induced by weather extremes over the continental U.S. |
title_short |
Health and economic impacts of air pollution induced by weather extremes over the continental U.S. |
title_full |
Health and economic impacts of air pollution induced by weather extremes over the continental U.S. |
title_fullStr |
Health and economic impacts of air pollution induced by weather extremes over the continental U.S. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Health and economic impacts of air pollution induced by weather extremes over the continental U.S. |
title_sort |
health and economic impacts of air pollution induced by weather extremes over the continental u.s. |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Environment International |
issn |
0160-4120 |
publishDate |
2020-10-01 |
description |
Extreme weather events may enhance ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution, causing additional adverse health effects. This work aims to evaluate the health and associated economic impacts of changes in air quality induced by heat wave, stagnation, and compound extremes under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 climate scenarios. The Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition is applied to estimate health and related economic impacts of changes in surface O3 and PM2.5 levels due to heat wave, stagnation, and compound extremes over the continental U.S. during past (i.e., 2001–2010) and future (i.e., 2046–2055) decades under the two RCP scenarios.Under the past and future decades, the weather extremes-induced concentration increases may lead to several tens to hundreds O3-related deaths and several hundreds to over ten thousands PM2.5-related deaths annually. High mortalities and morbidities are estimated for populated urban areas with strong spatial heterogeneities. The estimated annual costs for these O3 and PM2.5 related health outcomes are $5.5–12.5 and $48.6–140.7 billion U.S. dollar for mortalities, and $8.9–97.8 and $19.5–112.5 million for morbidities, respectively. Of the extreme events, the estimated O3– and PM2.5–related mortality and morbidity attributed to stagnation are the highest, followed by heat wave or compound extremes. Large increases in heat wave and compound extreme events in the future decade dominate changes in mortality during these two extreme events, whereas population growth dominates changes in mortality during stagnation that is projected to occur less frequently. Projected reductions of anthropogenic emissions under both RCP scenarios compensate for the increased mortality due to increased occurrence for heat wave and compound extremes in the future. These results suggest a need to further reduce air pollutant emissions during weather extremes to minimize the adverse impacts of weather extremes on air quality and human health. |
topic |
Weather extremes O3 PM2.5 Mortality Morbidity Continental U.S. |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412020318766 |
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