Ambient nitro-aromatic compounds – biomass burning versus secondary formation in rural China
<p>Nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) were measured hourly at a rural site in China during wintertime to monitor the changes due to local and regional impacts of biomass burning (BB). Concurrent and continuous measurements of the concentrations of 16 NACs in the gas and particle phases were perfo...
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Copernicus Publications
2021-02-01
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Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/1389/2021/acp-21-1389-2021.pdf |
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record_format |
Article |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
C. M. G. Salvador R. Tang M. Priestley L. Li E. Tsiligiannis M. Le Breton M. Le Breton W. Zhu L. Zeng H. Wang Y. Yu M. Hu S. Guo M. Hallquist |
spellingShingle |
C. M. G. Salvador R. Tang M. Priestley L. Li E. Tsiligiannis M. Le Breton M. Le Breton W. Zhu L. Zeng H. Wang Y. Yu M. Hu S. Guo M. Hallquist Ambient nitro-aromatic compounds – biomass burning versus secondary formation in rural China Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
author_facet |
C. M. G. Salvador R. Tang M. Priestley L. Li E. Tsiligiannis M. Le Breton M. Le Breton W. Zhu L. Zeng H. Wang Y. Yu M. Hu S. Guo M. Hallquist |
author_sort |
C. M. G. Salvador |
title |
Ambient nitro-aromatic compounds – biomass burning versus secondary formation in rural China |
title_short |
Ambient nitro-aromatic compounds – biomass burning versus secondary formation in rural China |
title_full |
Ambient nitro-aromatic compounds – biomass burning versus secondary formation in rural China |
title_fullStr |
Ambient nitro-aromatic compounds – biomass burning versus secondary formation in rural China |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ambient nitro-aromatic compounds – biomass burning versus secondary formation in rural China |
title_sort |
ambient nitro-aromatic compounds – biomass burning versus secondary formation in rural china |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
description |
<p>Nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) were measured hourly at a rural site in
China during wintertime to monitor the changes due to local and regional
impacts of biomass burning (BB). Concurrent and continuous measurements of
the concentrations of 16 NACs in the gas and particle phases were performed
with a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) equipped
with a Filter Inlet for
Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO) unit using iodide as the
reagent ion. NACs accounted for <span class="inline-formula"><i><</i>2</span> % of the mass concentration of
organic matter (OM) and total particulate matter (PM), but the total
particle mass concentrations of these compounds can reach as high as 1000 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> (299 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> avg), suggesting that they may contribute
significantly to the radiative forcing effects of atmospheric particles.
Levels of gas-phase NACs were highest during the daytime (15:00–16:00 local
time, LT), with a smaller night-time peak around 20:00 LT. Box-model
simulations showed that this occurred because the rate of NAC production
from gas-phase sources exceeded the rate of loss, which occurred mainly via
the OH reaction and to a lesser degree via photolysis. Data gathered during
extended periods with high contributions from primary BB sources (resulting
in 40 %–60 % increases in NAC concentrations) were used to characterize
individual NACs with respect to gas–particle partitioning and the
contributions of regional secondary processes (i.e. photochemical smog). On
days without extensive BB, secondary formation was the dominant source of
NACs, and NAC levels correlated strongly with the ambient ozone
concentration. Analyses of individual NACs in the regionally aged plumes
sampled on these days allowed precursors such as phenol and catechol to be
linked to their NAC derivatives (i.e. nitrophenol and nitrocatechol).
Correlation analysis using the high time resolution data and box-model
simulation results constrained the relationships between these compounds and
demonstrated the contribution of secondary formation processes. Furthermore,
13 of 16 NACS were classified according to primary or secondary formation
process. Primary emission was the dominant source (accounting for 60 %–70 %
of the measured concentrations) of 5 of the 16 studied NACs, but secondary
formation was also a significant source. Photochemical smog thus has
important effects on brown carbon levels even during wintertime periods
dominated by primary air pollution in rural China.</p> |
url |
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/1389/2021/acp-21-1389-2021.pdf |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT cmgsalvador ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina AT rtang ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina AT mpriestley ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina AT lli ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina AT etsiligiannis ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina AT mlebreton ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina AT mlebreton ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina AT wzhu ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina AT lzeng ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina AT hwang ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina AT yyu ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina AT mhu ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina AT sguo ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina AT mhallquist ambientnitroaromaticcompoundsbiomassburningversussecondaryformationinruralchina |
_version_ |
1724294670768406528 |
spelling |
doaj-15ab2643f28d46ce887d4a592ae1eb9d2021-02-02T12:30:10ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242021-02-01211389140610.5194/acp-21-1389-2021Ambient nitro-aromatic compounds – biomass burning versus secondary formation in rural ChinaC. M. G. Salvador0R. Tang1M. Priestley2L. Li3E. Tsiligiannis4M. Le Breton5M. Le Breton6W. Zhu7L. Zeng8H. Wang9Y. Yu10M. Hu11S. Guo12M. Hallquist13Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenCollege of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Swedennow at: Volvo Group Trucks and Technology Method and Technical Development, Gothenburg, SwedenShanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, ChinaCollege of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, ChinaCollege of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, ChinaCollege of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, ChinaCollege of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, ChinaState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. ChinaDepartment of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden<p>Nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) were measured hourly at a rural site in China during wintertime to monitor the changes due to local and regional impacts of biomass burning (BB). Concurrent and continuous measurements of the concentrations of 16 NACs in the gas and particle phases were performed with a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) equipped with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO) unit using iodide as the reagent ion. NACs accounted for <span class="inline-formula"><i><</i>2</span> % of the mass concentration of organic matter (OM) and total particulate matter (PM), but the total particle mass concentrations of these compounds can reach as high as 1000 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> (299 ng m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> avg), suggesting that they may contribute significantly to the radiative forcing effects of atmospheric particles. Levels of gas-phase NACs were highest during the daytime (15:00–16:00 local time, LT), with a smaller night-time peak around 20:00 LT. Box-model simulations showed that this occurred because the rate of NAC production from gas-phase sources exceeded the rate of loss, which occurred mainly via the OH reaction and to a lesser degree via photolysis. Data gathered during extended periods with high contributions from primary BB sources (resulting in 40 %–60 % increases in NAC concentrations) were used to characterize individual NACs with respect to gas–particle partitioning and the contributions of regional secondary processes (i.e. photochemical smog). On days without extensive BB, secondary formation was the dominant source of NACs, and NAC levels correlated strongly with the ambient ozone concentration. Analyses of individual NACs in the regionally aged plumes sampled on these days allowed precursors such as phenol and catechol to be linked to their NAC derivatives (i.e. nitrophenol and nitrocatechol). Correlation analysis using the high time resolution data and box-model simulation results constrained the relationships between these compounds and demonstrated the contribution of secondary formation processes. Furthermore, 13 of 16 NACS were classified according to primary or secondary formation process. Primary emission was the dominant source (accounting for 60 %–70 % of the measured concentrations) of 5 of the 16 studied NACs, but secondary formation was also a significant source. Photochemical smog thus has important effects on brown carbon levels even during wintertime periods dominated by primary air pollution in rural China.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/1389/2021/acp-21-1389-2021.pdf |