Paper Ageing: The Effect of Paper Chemical Composition on Hydrolysis and Oxidation
The degradation of cellulose is an important factor influencing its mechanical, optical, physical, and chemical properties and, hence, the lifetime of paper in libraries and archival collections. Regardless of the complexity of the paper material, the main chemical pathways for its degradation are h...
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doaj-164e9349ec004f998957b4e267b901582021-03-27T00:01:46ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-03-01131029102910.3390/polym13071029Paper Ageing: The Effect of Paper Chemical Composition on Hydrolysis and OxidationEdyta Małachowska0Dominika Pawcenis1Jacek Dańczak2Joanna Paczkowska3Kamila Przybysz4Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska Str., 02-787 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Kraków, PolandNatural Fibers Advanced Technologies, 42A Blekitna Str., 93-322 Lodz, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Kraków, PolandNatural Fibers Advanced Technologies, 42A Blekitna Str., 93-322 Lodz, PolandThe degradation of cellulose is an important factor influencing its mechanical, optical, physical, and chemical properties and, hence, the lifetime of paper in libraries and archival collections. Regardless of the complexity of the paper material, the main chemical pathways for its degradation are hydrolysis and oxidation. This study presents an overview of the analytical techniques employed in the evaluation of the hydrolysis and oxidation processes; these techniques include size-exclusion chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. This paper aims to determine the extent to which these instrumental methods are useful for studying the aforementioned processes and for which lignin contents. It also highlights how atmospheric humidity could affect the cellulose structure in paper containing lignin. It was found that humidity causes significant changes in the cellulose chain lengths and that a high lignin content in paper could suppress some cellulose degradation pathways. This knowledge can be applied to developing strategies and selective chemical treatments preventing the consequences of paper ageing.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/7/1029cellulose degradationcellulose depolymerisationhydrolysisoxidationcrystallinitypaper ageing |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Edyta Małachowska Dominika Pawcenis Jacek Dańczak Joanna Paczkowska Kamila Przybysz |
spellingShingle |
Edyta Małachowska Dominika Pawcenis Jacek Dańczak Joanna Paczkowska Kamila Przybysz Paper Ageing: The Effect of Paper Chemical Composition on Hydrolysis and Oxidation Polymers cellulose degradation cellulose depolymerisation hydrolysis oxidation crystallinity paper ageing |
author_facet |
Edyta Małachowska Dominika Pawcenis Jacek Dańczak Joanna Paczkowska Kamila Przybysz |
author_sort |
Edyta Małachowska |
title |
Paper Ageing: The Effect of Paper Chemical Composition on Hydrolysis and Oxidation |
title_short |
Paper Ageing: The Effect of Paper Chemical Composition on Hydrolysis and Oxidation |
title_full |
Paper Ageing: The Effect of Paper Chemical Composition on Hydrolysis and Oxidation |
title_fullStr |
Paper Ageing: The Effect of Paper Chemical Composition on Hydrolysis and Oxidation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Paper Ageing: The Effect of Paper Chemical Composition on Hydrolysis and Oxidation |
title_sort |
paper ageing: the effect of paper chemical composition on hydrolysis and oxidation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Polymers |
issn |
2073-4360 |
publishDate |
2021-03-01 |
description |
The degradation of cellulose is an important factor influencing its mechanical, optical, physical, and chemical properties and, hence, the lifetime of paper in libraries and archival collections. Regardless of the complexity of the paper material, the main chemical pathways for its degradation are hydrolysis and oxidation. This study presents an overview of the analytical techniques employed in the evaluation of the hydrolysis and oxidation processes; these techniques include size-exclusion chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. This paper aims to determine the extent to which these instrumental methods are useful for studying the aforementioned processes and for which lignin contents. It also highlights how atmospheric humidity could affect the cellulose structure in paper containing lignin. It was found that humidity causes significant changes in the cellulose chain lengths and that a high lignin content in paper could suppress some cellulose degradation pathways. This knowledge can be applied to developing strategies and selective chemical treatments preventing the consequences of paper ageing. |
topic |
cellulose degradation cellulose depolymerisation hydrolysis oxidation crystallinity paper ageing |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/7/1029 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT edytamałachowska paperageingtheeffectofpaperchemicalcompositiononhydrolysisandoxidation AT dominikapawcenis paperageingtheeffectofpaperchemicalcompositiononhydrolysisandoxidation AT jacekdanczak paperageingtheeffectofpaperchemicalcompositiononhydrolysisandoxidation AT joannapaczkowska paperageingtheeffectofpaperchemicalcompositiononhydrolysisandoxidation AT kamilaprzybysz paperageingtheeffectofpaperchemicalcompositiononhydrolysisandoxidation |
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1724201674107518976 |